Smoking Drinking As A Social Problem - 1682 Words

In this essay, I will explore both sides of the argument to suggest that Binge drinking is either a personal concern or that it is a social problem. UK researchers commonly define binge drinking as consuming more than eight units of alcohol in a single session for men, and more than six units for women (NHS, 2014). Over the years alcohol has caused many social and political debates in regards to whether it is a â€Å"social evil† or if the individual who makes the conscious choice to drink it, is the real deviant. It’s clear to see that alcohol will always be a dominating factor in society if we think alcohol consumption is a 21st-century modern phenomenon then we are mistaken. The first organized campaign about alcohol consumption occurred in the 18th century as Gin had arrived in the United Kingdom from the Netherlands. From The 1720’s onwards Gin became the focus of moral concern amongst the rising middle classes, the society for the reformation of manners hig hlighted the evils of gin drinking. The â€Å"gin panics† have been described as the first modern â€Å"drug scare† amongst society and perhaps caused the first drink related â€Å"moral panics† (Blackshaw, 2013:306-307). As we can see alcohol consumption worries started well over 200 years ago and although we may think today s societies â€Å"social evils† have well moved on from historical ones this quote from David Cameron proves they have not, â€Å"Binge drinking isn’t some fringe issue, it accounts for half of all alcohol consumed in thisShow MoreRelatedSocial Issues Related to Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesimmediate environment and society as a whole. There are many social consequences such as traffic accidents, workplace-related problems, family and domestic problems, and interpersonal violence. Work People with alcohol dependence and drinking problems are on sick leave more frequently than other employees. In Great Britain, up to 25% of workplace accidents and around 60% of fatal accidents at work may be linked to alcohol. drinking alcohol at work and hangovers  may reduce productivity. PerformanceRead MoreNo Teratogens During Pregancy Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesA teratogen is any agent or factor that can disrupt the development of an embryo or fetus, which may cause a birth defect or malformation. Whether it is a medication, disease or drug, when the mother is exposed the chances of problems arising with the baby increase. Only ten to fourteen days after conception teratogens can affect the fetus. At that stage in the pregnancy the egg has already been fertilized and attached to the uterus. This is known as the embryonic stage where if health isn’t a priorityRead MoreWhy do teenagers indulge in alcoholism and smoking?873 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2013 Why do teenagers indulge in alcoholism and smoking? In today’s society many teenagers are introduced to new ideas every day. Teenage years often include adjusting to new people, and experimenting and trying out many unfamiliar ideas. As a teenager some maybe naà ¯ve and not fully think of consequences, and or long term effects of indulging in these type of activities. The cause for teenagers indulging in alcoholism and smoking can be many reasons. For some teens, peer pressure, curiosityRead MoreEssay on Addictions to Smoking and Alcohol836 Words   |  4 Pages Addictions to Smoking and Alcohol A lot of people suffer from the consequences of smoking and drinking alcohol, which often leads to addiction. The word addiction is a very powerful word in this sense, as it means the physical and psychological craving for a substance that develops into a dependency, and continues even though it is causing the addicted person physical, psychological and social harm. The disease of addiction is chronic and progressive; it canRead MoreVarenicline Research Paper804 Words   |  4 Pagesreduce heavy drinking in men. The medication also helps maintain smoking abstinence in individuals. The trial was conducted by the researchers at the Yale School of Medicine, led by Dr. Stephanie S. O’Malley. The trial involved 131 participants from two outpatient clinics who were reported with heavy drinking for two or more times per week and met the criteria for alcohol dependence. The participants were also reported with a smoking habit of two or more times per week. The heavy drinking is equivalentRead MoreRaising Taxes on Tobacco and Alcohol1637 Words   |  6 PagesIt is worth noting however that this did not (and is not anticipated to) deter the heavy drinking habits of people within that country. The consumption of alcohol and smoking goes on undeterred within the country and this we are looking at the legal brews like the bottled beers. By 2004, it was estimated that 40% of the women contacted during a research on alcoholism confessed that their spouses had the problem of alcoholism (WHO, 2004). Considering the above statistics and trends, even on the backgroundRead MoreDriving Behavior That Makes Alcohol Consumption So Dangerous?1050 Words   |  5 Pagescomponents of alcoholism: a preoccupation with drinking, emotional, vocational, social, and family problems, and physical problems. An example of situation when an alcoholic is preoccupied with his drinking would be the hospitalization of a family member. While relatives would worry about the health of the person hospitalized, the alcoholic would only think about how he can get a drink. He will not be able to empathize. An example of emotional problem due to alcoholism is an alcoholic that wouldRead MoreEssay on Teratogen Affects on Pregnancy953 Words   |  4 PagesTeratogen Affects on Pregnancy Oct 9, 2010 Textbook References: Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- smoking p 50 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- behavioral problem w/smoking p 51 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- Child Behavioral Problems w/drinking p.52 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- FAS p 51 Part II There are many potentialRead MoreWhy The United States Ranks So Poorly During The American Health System869 Words   |  4 Pagescare† (Schroeder, 1); the fact that we have access to advance tools and technologies in our health care system does not necessary mean that we are healthier than other countries. Determinants such as behaviors patterns, environmental exposures and social circumstances also greatly influence our health. Secondly, â€Å"even in those instances in which health care is important, too many Americans don’t have health care, receive it too late, or receive poor-quality† (Schroeder, 1). Schroeder also emphasizedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking713 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancer

Native American Flutes Essay - 1016 Words

Although Native Americans are known for their voice being a vital instrument, most rituals, songs, and dances are accompanied by an assortment of instruments such as, drums, rattles, flutes. Every instrument has it is own meaning and a purpose. In this section, the significance of these instruments as well as their structure and functionality is explored. The drums are a vital aspect to the Native American culture; they understand the drum to be more than an instrument. In a web article written by Elisa Throp entitled, â€Å"The importance of drums to Native American culture†, Elisa says, â€Å"It is a Voice. It is a Heartbeat. It is a prayer to the Great Spirit. The Native American Drum is all of these things, and more.† The drums are what the†¦show more content†¦Lastly, there is the water drum. This drum sounds completely different from the previous types; it is built differently as well. The water drum is made from an iron kettles or hollowed out and dried calabashes, which are then filled to a specific height with water. Even though this particular drum does not have any direct influences in percussion instruments, it can be easily recreated with a present-day household item like a milk jug. All of these drums are used by Native Americans to connect to The Great Spirit and the Earth. Next the rattle, which is just as popular and significant as the drums accomplishes more than keeping the rhythm of the dance, it is also used to showcase the personality of an inner person. Because of their size, rattles are easily customizable and tend to change in look and composition based on tribes. According to â€Å"Native American Rattles and Their Importance†, A variety of materials are used to make these rattles, and tribal differences make themselves known here. Gourds are the material most often associated with Native American rattles, but the range goes much father than that. California tribes use turtle shells, while Plains Indians make of rawhide rattles. The Indians of the Southwest make their rattles [out] of pottery, rawhide, or gourds.† These different types and shapesShow MoreRelatedNative Peoples: Learning About The Extensive Native American Culture691 Words   |  3 PagesNative Peoples Magazine, which was published in the year 1987, is an American Indian magazine that is distributed bi-monthly with the cost of $19.95 for 6 issues or $36.00 for 12 issues. The goal of this magazine is to reach out to people all around the world. Native Peoples Magazine portrays the arts and lifestyles, Native American artists, cooks, fashion designers, and their culture. The magazine can be used as a travel guide for many people. According to the Mailing List Finder of Native PeoplesRead MoreEssay on Native American Sound Instruments1633 Words   |  7 Pages quot;Native American Sound Instrumentsquot; Through my own personal experiences and teachings from Native Americans, that have offered to enlighten me, Ive gathered that there is a sacred nature rich in spirit and soul to them. The Native American lives religion as a way of life. Children of the tribe grow up in this world of spirituality and learn from example that religion can come as easily as taking a breath every day. This is no attempt to lead into the topic of religion, yet it needsRead MoreMusic Of Native American Culture879 Words   |  4 Pagesof Native American Culture. It is used in many different ways, such as expressing one’s feelings or through the use of self-expression. There are unique collection of instruments that are played in ceremonial events, recreation, and even through healing. Some of these instruments are drums, flutes, rattles, and other percussion instruments. The voice is also used quite a lot and may even be the most important one because it is the backbone of music made in Native Americ an Cultures. Native AmericanRead MoreNative American Instruments Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesNative American Musical Intruments are about natives getting together and playing there instruments. They play them on holidays and birthdays, also they play whenever they want entertainment. It’s a tradition for them. There instruments are not metal like ours so it doesn t sound like ours either. There instruments have a whole different tune and sound. Native americans love to play there instruments. Its one of their favorite things to do. I am writing about Native american musical instrumentsRead MoreNative American Musical Instruments And Music980 Words   |  4 PagesNative American Musical Instruments are about natives getting together and playing there instruments. They play them on holidays and birthdays, also they play whenever they want entertainment. It’s a tradition for them. Their instruments are not metal like ours, so it doesn t sound like ours either. Their instruments ha ve a whole different tune and sound. Native Americans love to play their instruments. Its one of their favorite things to do. I am writing about Native American musical instrumentsRead MoreNative American Arts756 Words   |  3 PagesNative Americans treasure one thing in their culture the most; the arts. Native American art is the works created by the natives of North America. Art can come in many forms, but are most present in the visual arts and melodic arts, which can then fall under several categories. Art is considered a symbol of Native American heritage and the overall culture of world art. It has been a major part of their lives for thousands of years. The Native American arts serve the purpose of self-expression, whichRead MoreMusic And Community : Native American Music1199 Words   |  5 Pages CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY Northridge Music and Community: Native American Music A paper submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for MUS 309, Lecturer: â€Å"Gee† Rabe By Abhimanyu Ranjit Lalchandani Spring 2015 Introduction This paper will demonstrate the various analysis of the Native America music and some details about history of Native American Music and themes which represents the religion and music. It also gives importance’s to the music which are used based on theRead MoreWhat I Learned About The Flute Was So Special1154 Words   |  5 Pagesclass but never actually blowing into the flute for fear of messing up. The very first day of this course gave me confidence. This is because I was starting to learn what about the flute was so special. It did not matter how you played it, what matter is that you were playing. We were students, strangers even, coming together and making music of the people who were here before us. We were partaking in such a special tradition. The Native American people are split up in many tribes over theRead MoreCherokee Indians And Native American Tribes1056 Words   |  5 Pageswhen the topic of Native Americans is discussed it is only about the struggles and hardships they went through but never their actual culture of how and where they originated or how they came to be. There are many interesting things to learn about Cherokee Indians such as their heritage, religion, language, and their traditional songs, dances, and food. The Cherokee people have been identified as one of the most socially and culturally advanced of all other Native American tribes. ArtifactsRead MoreNative American Music Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesNative American Music In chapter ten, author Bruno Nettle takes the reader to the town of Browning, Montana, where he is about to witness a modern Native American ceremony. As he observes, he notices that only one-half of the people there are actual Native Americans. The rest are are white tourists and innocent observers just like himself. Eventually, somewhere around eighteen singing groups appear from different tribes and reservations. They will be summoning the dancers into what is

New Public Management Approach Free Essays

The Concept of ‘New public management Approach’ New public management (NPM) denotes broadly the government policies, since the 1980s, which aimed to modernize and render more effective the public sector. The basic hypothesis holds that market oriented management of the public sector will lead to greater cost-efficiency for governments, without having negative side-effects on other objectives and considerations. The last two decades to 2006 have been associated with a fundamental shift in the principles of public sector management in all industrialized countries. We will write a custom essay sample on New Public Management Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now This had, in turn, been a product of a general reinvention of the role of government, its agencies, the means by which services are delivered, and employment practices within public sector organizations. At its core, this has been associated with a move away from a traditional model of public administration towards variants of the ‘new public sector management’ model. The traditional model of public administration, based on the doctrine of the separation of powers, was associated with the delegation of a specific set of functions to public administrators in the implementation of policy and the expenditure of public funds. A central principle associated with this model was the idea that public service employees were independent from the political process. Their role was encapsulated by the maxim of providing advice ‘without fear or favour’. This capacity for independent advice was assured through the idea of a career in the public service and explicit norms of behaviour and professional conduct. It has also been presumed that public service employees were less likely to be motivated by extrinsic rewards, more likely to identify with value of service to the public and the provision of public goods, and have a strong commitment to principles of justice, fairness and equity in discharging their duties. This traditional model of public administration was associated with an expansive view of the role of government, which prevailed throughout much of the twentieth century. This view produced a significant role for government in regulating economic and social relations, owning productive assets and producing goods and services, in a range of areas in the period until the mid to late 1970s. From that time, the role of government and public sector organisations came under sustained scrutiny, with the result that governments privatised production of many goods and services previously seen as the natural domain of government, such as essential services; withdrew from the direct control f production of goods and services funded by the public purse through corporatization and outsourcing; and encouraged the contestability of markets in which the government had previously been a monopoly producer. This general reorientation of the role of government has been associated with changes to internal organizational attributes and management practices within public sector organizations. This ‘new public management’ has shifted the focus from public servic e to service delivery. The principles associated with new public management have been informed by the idea that public service needs to be more responsive to both the preferences of beneficiaries, citizens who pay for service provision through tax, and politicians who represent the collective will and make policy choices. From this perspective, ministers are seen as analogous to customers, and citizens to consumers. New public management has been informed by economic doctrines that have advocated privatization, contestability in the delivery of public goods and services and, where possible, the provision of these goods and services through the private sector. For the core public service, this has also been associated with significant reforms to public employment systems and the norms of what constitutes professional public service. For Australian public service employees, this shift has involved the displacement of core legislative protections associated with independence by ‘value statements’ and ‘codes of ethical conduct’, along with protective legislation for whistleblowers. More generally, this shift has occurred within the context of a decentralization of managerial responsibilities for workforce planning and human resource management to individual departments and agencies. For middle managers, this has meant a significant increase in responsibility for both ensuring probity in managerial practice and dealing with the ethical issues and conflicts that arise in dealing with ministers and stakeholders, the responsible expenditure of public money and the fair and just delivery of services to the community. Developments Some modern authors define NPM as a combination of splitting large bureaucracies into smaller, more fragmented ones, competition between different public agencies, and between public agencies and private firms and incentivization on more economic lines. Defined in this way, NPM has been a significant driver in public management policy around the world, from the early 1980s to at least the early 2000s. NPM, compared to other public management theories, is oriented towards outcomes and efficiency, through better management of public budget. It is considered to be achieved by applying competition, as it is known in the private sector, to organizations in the public sector, emphasizing economic and leadership principles. New public management addresses beneficiaries of public services much like customers, and conversely citizens as shareholders. In 2007, the European Commission produced a white book on governance issues whose objective was to propose a new kind of â€Å"relationship between the state and the citizens,† reform governance, improve public management and render decision-making â€Å"more flexible. † Criticism Some authors say NPM has peaked and is now in decline. Critics like Dunleavy proclaim that NPM is ‘dead’ and argue that the cutting edge of change has moved on to digital era governance focusing on reintegrating concerns into government control, holistic (or joined-up) government and digitalization (exploiting the Web and digital storage and communication within government). In the UK and US NPM has been challenged since the turn of the century by a range of related critiques such as Third Way thinking (see Anthony Giddens) and particularly the rise of ideas associated with Public Value Theory (Mark Moore, Kennedy Business School, John Benington, Warwick Business School) which have re-asserted a focus on citizenship, networked governance and the role of public agencies in working with citizens to co-create public value, generate democratic authorisation, legitimacy and trust, and stress the domains within which public managers are working as complex adaptive systems with characteristics which are qualitatively different from simple market forms, or private sector business principles. In his book Bad Samaritans, economist Ha-Joon Chang claims that â€Å"increased NPM-inspired reforms have often increased, rather than reduced, corruption,† as a result of â€Å"more contacts [of state-sector functionaries] with the private sector, creating new opportunities for bribes† and future, direct or indirect, employment in the private sector. Chang claims that â€Å"corruption often exists because there are too many market forces; not too few. † Robert Nield, a retired Cambridge economics professor and a member of the 1968 Fulton civil service reform committee, has stated, in reference to civil sector reforms implemented by British PM Margaret Thatcher, a pioneer and strong proponent of NPM, â€Å"I cannot think of another instance where a modern democracy has systematically undone the system by which incorrupt public services were brought into being. â€Å" How to cite New Public Management Approach, Essay examples

Oral Antidiabetic Medication Adherence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Oral Antidiabetic Medication Adherence. Answer: Introduction: Patients who suffer from diabetes often need special attention and close monitoring because of their medical situations and conditions. Therefore, the diabetic adult patients need assistance to take medications because, firstly, adult patients are at times not able to manage effectively the condition through adhering to the prescribed medication from the clinical officers. This is because they tend choose their medication and use the one they feel like taking because some may be illiterate and this poses them to other medical problems. Due to this, attention for them need to be adhered to so that they can stick to their medications. Secondly, patient-provider communication is another challenge that patients face. Due to different understanding capacities, the provider may not be able to explain how medication should be taken due to communication barriers and not giving full details of how, when and to what level it should be taken; therefore close attention should be kept to the patients (Mamkin Ten, 2008) Thirdly, the side effects or consequences need to be kept clear to the patient because overdose or under dose can be toxic to the body and therefore older patients should be attended to and should not be left alone as they may overdose, under dose or misuse the medication which is not healthy to them. The combination of the two devices makes it easy to administer medication to the patients because the combination is fast and works more efficiently on the patient. Its also reminds you the action one needs to do or take to the patient. This population needs special attention in order to sustain and maintain their health conditions, the routine of medication, increasing communications so that they may stick to their medical line. Lot is needed in order to cure and provide relieve to the diabetic problems, educating them and also training them will help in adapting healthy lifestyles, having self-control and participating in educational meetings and seminars concerning the issues of coping with diabetes as well as self-evaluation of the knowledge about the disease. The population need to be educated on the benefits of sticking to medications and adhere to them because its for their own benefits and wellbeing. Therefore, the clinical practitioners need to take part in educating the community the importance of finishing the prescribed dose in order to live healthy (Rockwood Mitnitski,2007). They should also read and understand the information given to them by the clinical officers because its from that message that will help them practice healthy living. In case they dont understand the information, they should seek assistance and interpretation from caregivers. Older patients should be attended to carefully especially those who cannot read the medical prescriptions to understand the requirements clearly. In case it happens that they dont adhere to the medication routine, assistance should be rendered to them in a professional way by the caregiver or doctor. This technology is commonly applied to the diabetic patients who need special attention medical and while in use, the older adult should be assisted and attended to when using the machines because of their complexities and technical requirements for their operations. Moreover, the machines are useful because they keep the patient updated of the latest changes in the blood sugar, time for medication and also the tracking record of the changes of the diabetic level of the patient. Elderly people should be assisted and given all the necessary support to ensure full medication compliance is adhered to. They also help in determining when the next dose will be administered. The strengths of using this technology are the advantages that come along with it to the patient(s) and those monitoring them if they are not able to take care of them in one way or another. It has made it easy while injecting medication into the blood by making it simpler then when it was not available. Secondly, it has made it easy for the patient or the elders to keep track of their sugar levels and provide them with the necessary steps they need to take to bring down or regulate its level. Moreover, the technology has been of importance to the patient while monitoring the glucose level which is an essential while managing diabetics by allowing them to see the impact of the measures they need to take to control their diabetes. With the new inventions in medications, people can now go for medical checkups and create awareness among those around them. If they get tested and realize that they have symptoms, its advisable for them to begin medications with immediate effect to curb the growth and development of the disease. This will also help them in keeping tracks of their diets and changes in their lifestyles so that they could practice healthy living ways, adhering to medication and also reading the instructions given by their doctors. It also helps to inform the clinician and the patient how well the medications are working and responding, among others. However, despite the advancement in technology, it has brought a lot of challenges that have affected the patient in one way or another. The technology is costly and thus requires a lot of finances to afford or access them. This has been a challenge for patient to access them and end up dying or spending a lot in order to get cured. Therefore, the caregiver should keep watching and attending to the patient because of their medical situations and requirements. Majority of the patients are not familiar with the machines or devices thus they need attendance from either a clinical officer, nurses or an adult who understands them well and how to administer them to the patients. They should therefore be trained on how to use the medications, machines and reading the prescriptions well to understand whats required for them to do incase their caregivers or doctors are not available. Patients may also lack sufficient education on how results are interpreted so that they may use home testing equipment. Therefore, thorough education and sensitization is necessary because its from this information and prescription that will determine the health state of the patient. Caregivers thus need to educate the patient how to apply the medication ,when or after a given period of time and to which level the patient should take. Thruogh this, the health states of the patient will improve and get better. Caregivers should also be spearheaded in ensuring that they introduce new things or activities that are meant to boast the health conditions of the patient like exercising daily which include light chores; and the change in the diets to boast the immune of the body. Practising all these ensures physical fitness of the patients body reflecting an improvement in the state of the body. Others include physical pain while pricking the fingers, being anxious about ones blood sugar control and heath states. As a result of technological advancements in diabetic treatments, it has brought about many opportunities among them employment of many medical practioners and clinicians, expansions of medical facilities to handle the ever increasing number of diabetic patients who need specialized treatment and also training facilities to train those who will be attending to the diabetic patients who are not educated on how to take medication and use the tools and equipment they are provided. Due to the introduction to these technological advancements in the health system, the technology has made many patients machine-driven because they cant do without them. This has led to many patients to be machine sustained and making them not to do their daily duties and chores as they used to do before they got sick (Chowdhury, 2002) The technology has exposed many diabetic patients to other chronic diseases something that has increased the cost of treatment for the patients thus adding a burden onto the patient. Adherence to medication need to be addressed and improved so that the patient s should stick to their medications. Consequently, clinical officers, physicians, doctors and the pharmacists should develop and implement necessary tools encourage the patients adherence routine. Technological advancement for diabetics are a tremendous step a country undertakes in order to care and treat its citizens and therefore it should be availed in a country. However, this has not been the case with many states because many reasons that makes it not to be possible. Firstly, the cost of acquiring the implements and the equipment may be too high for a country to afford as the expenses involved. This is because if the economic state of a country is not stable, finances for acquiring them which makes it had to have them. This has led to many patients seeking to medication from outside countries. Secondly, the level of knowledge and skills required to run, operate and administer medication to patients may be insufficient for a state to acquire them from the states that have advanced. Due to this, it becomes hard to develop them (Osterberg, 2005). Cultural beliefs and practices at times may hinder the advancement in the medical field because people attribute traditional medicines to be the only cure for diabetes (McGuigan,2005).This has led to less developments in the field of medicine thus patients are made to use the old ways of curing the disease. Patients suffer because the traditional medicines dont perform accurately. Cost of treatment and acquiring the medication in a country maybe very high for the locals to afford the cost and treatment which is hard for the local residents to seek medical help and they opt to fly upcountry where they get diagnosed at low costs and with high standards of professionalism (Bryson, 2009).This has been a major trend which is on the rise within the past couple of years. This is also attributed to the insufficient facilities to handle the rising number of patients who need medical checkups and attentions and they therefore choose to fly outside the country to where they will get better services and medications. Political instability in a country deters development by scaring away potential investors who could have invested in that field in order to care for the diabetic patients. Other forces that can deter its implementations include resistance from the community, unfavorable laws set up in a country among others. Unequal distribution of the national resources and marginalization of other parts of the state makes it hard for the country or state not to develop equally. This is because when funds and other resources are being distributed by the government, areas with powerful leaders tend to take a large portion than those with little powers. This leads to cases of unequal regional imbalances leading to wrangles between the two neighboring communities. This may lead to cases of insecurity, seasonal wars and retardation in developments. Costs are the expenses that are incurred as a result of seeking services and acquiring them. Costs can be direct or indirect depending on how they are incurred. In our case, indirect costs are costs associated with acquisition of the technological devices in the treatment of diabetes. The issues associated with indirect costs are increase in the cost of medical services to the client or patient, the caregiver who monitors and attends to patients and the costs of travelling to seek medical services at times may be seen as an added load to the patient who may raise concerns about them (Blaum, 2008). Despite the high cost of using and acquiring the machines or the new technology in diabetics, it has brought about a new revolution in the diabetic field because monitoring of old elders and those who are not literate about them has become easy. Caregivers and other medical practioners have been able to help patients adhere to the medication. Moreover, patients have been able to monitor the sugar levels and also sticking to their medical routines which has helped patients, caregivers and doctors the opportunity of keeping tracks of the medical performance. As a result of continued use of modern technology in the diabetic patients, it has made it easy to use and apply the right medication to the right illness because of its accessibility has been made easier to the local patients. Self-medication has been adopted by patients who are able to read and understand the requirements and instructions provided which has helped the caregiver and doctor an opportunity to explore better and more advanced medical services and practices. Patients can keep track of their medications because its usability is easy and applications of medication has been simplified. However, despite all the advancement, not all patients are able to access them because they may be expensive which makes it hard for them to access them. This has been a challenge to the patients, caregivers and the doctors. Caregivers have to share the devices with many patients something that can cause delays in services delivery. Consequently, some patients may not be able to understand t he usability of the devices because they may not be able to understand and interpret the information given to them. This has been a challenge to the caregivers and the doctors thus ending up using a lot of time attending to one or few patients thus leaving others unattended. Cultural practices have been a major challenge in the medical field and with time need to be addressed so as to align the old practices into modern ways of dealing with the diseases among different ethnic groups. Medical practitioners should identify each patients or ethnical cultural practices and perception of their shared cultural practices, their own individual belief and how they affect their behaviors (Csordas, 2002).Therefore, its necessary to look and analyze ways of introducing the new medical practices and how to make it friendly to the society. By careful studying the needs and expectations of the society, its important to make steps of educating the people the new ways of life and how to deal with different people from different environments. Clinical officers including care givers should not assume cultural beliefs, instead those working with the knowledge that culture is dynamic and subjective need to create or come up with individualized plans according to each patients needs according to the culture (Flemming, 2009).They should be friendly and not show their total efforts in ensuring their wellbeing is given priority. Moreover, identifying and understanding other cultures and how people relate individually to their own culture enhance communications and understanding with people from different cultures. Thus, culture should not be a barrier to health education. Therefore, medical practioners should be spearheaded in promoting physical activities while understanding cultural beliefs; and barriers and perceptions can allow the clinical officers to give and share advices to individual needs and allowing patients to access medical services with ease. The medical field has been able to make steps ahead and should be supported with all the available resources to see to it that it has reached many people. However, there are many challenges in the field and they need to be recommended prior to avoid future misunderstanding among the practioners in the field. Patients need to have their legal capacities of managing their own affairs regarding the field of medication without influencing anybody (Lau, 2004). I recommend that those in the medical field need to treat their colleagues with respect of both individual and their cultural beliefs, collaborating with other professionals in resolving ethical disagreements, that could have emerged in the line of performing duties, consulting their colleagues for advice, guidance and clarifications when it is in the best interest of the patient among others. They should work hard to ensure that they put their interests aside and put that of the society they are representing ahead by working hand i n hand and team building so that they move together ahead without leaving others behind or having one region of the society developed while the other one left behind something that may trigger violence. As a medical practitioner, its your responsibility of maintaining the profession integrity because issues like competence, dishonesty and fraud, dealing with personal issues such as psychological impairment, substance abuse, among others, can arise and ways should be available to deal with them amicably like a profession. This will enhance public to feel appreciated and that it does not side line them despite their cultural practices and activities. Moreover, as a profession, one should be committed to the welfare of the society by promoting social justice and the welfare of the public, and they should avoid participation in activities that can promote inequality or any form of discrimination among the members. Thus engaging in social work like political and social actions that ultimately help in reducing barriers or indifferences and promotes the betterment of the society and social in general. With all these put in place, the society will develop and all people will feel important and part of the big family practicing same cultural activities and beliefs, each individual not feeling side lined of neglected. This fosters peace and development in the society (Osterberg Blaschke, 2005). For many years now, diabetes has been a deadly killer disease worldwide. Despite this challenge, it has been a milestone for Scientists to come up with modern devices for controlling the levels of diabetes among the patients. The trends in the field include introduction of enhanced devices like the blood glucose monitoring devices, for example the cell phone-enhanced meters, plug-and-play devices, among others; and also increased awareness about this disease(Dreyer,2009). Modern improved devices like the blood glucose monitoring has been a major improvement in the diabetic field of treatment because it has helped in regulating the levels of blood and sugar in patients. They have been made available to patient which has helped them keep track of their blood sugar levels and medications without being assisted by the caregiver or the doctors. Despite their initial high cost of acquiring them, patients can now access them and use them comfortably at their convenience. Through this, medication has been made cheap. These devices like the cell phone-enhanced meters which are plugged into the phones have made it easy to administer medication. This trend has given the caregivers and the doctors the chance to attend to other patients who are not able to use and access the devices (Bean, 2007). The increased awareness that has been created by the media and the social workers has made it clear for people to be aware of the existence of the disease. This has led to many people taking action of being tested of the disease and being educated on the necessary steps they need to take in case they are suffering from the disease. However, cultural practices have been acting as hindrances while addressing this issue but due to the community social workers who have taken the initiative of educating people by accepting the differences in cultural practices and focusing on the development of their society. Through this projects, people combine their efforts to care for the sick ones, the less privileged and those who practice old cultural practices. With the combined efforts, professionals are able to administer their help and efforts for the welfare of the society. They organize activities like sporting activities and projects meant to educate people of this deadly disease and what th ey are supposed to do in case they contract the condition. They get the opportunity of learning the new technology dealing with this menace (Sokol, 2005). Combining all the efforts available in the society, it will build a strong foundation for the society to deal according with the disease among the people. Sick people are also involved in the developments of the society and through them the society will learn from them, handle them the way they are without rejecting them and also assisting them financially in case things get thick for them. Technological advancements have implied challenges for those who will use it in the future because of its complexity in using. This is because it combines a lot of complex things that will make it hard to understand something that may hinder proper performance of the medications and its applications. This will lead to investing a lot of finances in acquiring the devices, the caregivers and also the doctor at large (Chen, 2013). Young people often tend to ignore the prescribed recommendations on medical administrations which exposes them to health hazards which could have been prevented earlier if only they could have taken into precaution all the prescriptions (David C., Kendrick D.2004). With time, more innovations are being invented and innovated leaving behind the outdated devices. Due to this, a lot of resources need to be invested in the field which may lead to financial constrains leading to the crippling of the economy. This will make it hard for the seniors to afford the devices and other expenses accrued to medications (Crivelli, 2016). Different devices take time before they are introduced into the market and this takes time. Due to this, those in need of them will suffer or continue using the old model something that may lead to more health complications leading to increased costs of medication. Insufficient knowledge and understanding makes it hard for them to read and understand the requirements of the devices something that can lead to misusing the devices, medications and also adherence of the patient. This makes it hard for the senior population to get through the disease. Modern technology has made the young population to be internet slaves because they look for solutions from the internet instead of following whats in the ground for them to use and follow. References Asche C. LaFleur J., (2011). A review of diabetes treatment adherence and the association with clinical and economic outcomes.Clin Ther, 33(1):74109. Benner J Glynn R.(2002). Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients.JAMA, 288(4):455461. Bode B, Gross K.(2004). Alarms based on real-time sensor glucose values alert patients to hypo- and hyperglycemia: the guardian continuous monitoring system.Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012:105113. doi: 10.1089/152091504773731285. Blozik E Rapold R. (2015). Prescription of potentially inappropriate medication in olderpersons in Switzerland: does the dispensing channel make a difference?Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 8:7380. Baradaran, H. (2006). A controlled trial of the effectiveness of a diabetes education programme in a multi-ethnic community in Glasgow.BMC Public Health; 6: 134. Bean, D.(2007). Ethnic differences in illness perceptions, self efficacy and diabetes self care.Psychology and Health; 22: 7, 787-811. Bellary, S.(2008). Enhanced diabetes care to patients of South Asian ethnic origin (the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study): a cluster randomised controlled trial.The Lancet; 371: 1769-1776. Bhophal, R.(2002). Ethnic and socio-economic inequalities in coronary heart disease, diabetes and risk factors in Europeans and south Asians.Journal of Public Health; 24: 2, 95-105. Blaum, C., (2008) Discriptive epidemiologymof diabetes,In :N, Munshi and L. Lipsitz (eds). Geriatric Diabetes Book, Taylor and Francis Group,LLC, New York,pp 1-10. Capell, J.(2008). The relationship between cultural competence and ethnocentrism of health care professionals.Journal of Transcultural Nursing; 19: 2, 121-125. Choudhury, S.(2009). Understanding and beliefs of diabetes in the UK Bangladeshi population.Diabetic Medicine; 26, 636-640. Chowdhury T Lasker S.(2002). Complications and cardiovascular risk factors in south Asians and Europeans with early onset of type two diabetes.Quarterly Journal of Medicine; 95, 241-246. Choudhry N. Shrank W.(2009). Measuring concurrent adherence to multiple related medications.Am J Manag Care, 15(7):457464. Csordas, T.(2002)Body/Meaning/Healing. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Chen C. Tseng C (2013). Continuity of care, medication adherence, and health care outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal analysis.Med Care, 51(3):231237. Cramer J.,] (2004). A systematic review of adherence with medications for diabetes.Diabetes care, 27(5):12181224. CDC (2005). Diabetes program. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm Crivelli L Filippini M.(2006). Federalism and regional health care expenditures: an empirical analysis for the Swiss cantons.Health Econ, 15(5):535541. David C. Kendrick D.(2004). Differences in the process of diabetic care between South Asian and white patients in inner-city practices in Nottingham, UK.Health and Social Care in the Community; 12: 3, 186-193. Dreyer, G. (2009). The effect of ethnicity on the prevalence of diabetes and associated chronic kidney disease.Quarterly Journal of Medicine; 102: 261-269. Huber C., Rapold R. (2016). One-year adherence to oral antihyperglycemic medication andrisk prediction of patient outcomes for adults with diabetes mellitus.Medicine (Baltimore), 95(26):e3994. Ho P. Rumsfeld J. (2006). Effect of medication nonadherence on hospitalization and mortalityamong patients with diabetes mellitus.Arch Intern Med, 166(17):18361841. Ho P. Rumsfeld J (2009). Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes.Circulation, 119 (23):30283035. Kaiser B Schmid C.(2016). Does physician dispensing increase drug expenditures? Empirical Evidence from Switzerland.Health Econ, 25(1):7190. Krass I Schieback P. (2015). Adherence to diabetes medication: a systematic review.Diabetes Med, 32(6):725737. Kirkman M. Rowan-Martin M. (2015). Determinants of adherence to diabetes medications: findings from a large pharmacy claims database.Diabetes Care, 38(4):604609. Kovatchev B., Gonder-Frederick L.(2004). Evaluating the accuracy of continuous glucose-monitoring sensors: continuous glucose-error grid analysis illustrated by TheraSense Freestyle Navigator data.Diabetes Care, 2012:19221928. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.8.1922. Lau D. Nau D. (2004). Oral antihyperglycemic medication nonadherence and subsequent hospitalization among individuals with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care, 27(9):2149 2153. Mamkin I Ten S.(2008). Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in the clinical setting: thegood, the bad, and the practical.J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012:882889 Osterberg L Blaschke T (2005). Adherence to medication.N Engl J Med, 353(5):487497. Pladevall M. Williams L. (2004). Clinical outcomes and adherence to medications measured by claims data in patients with diabetes.Diabetes Care, 27(12):28002805. Reich O Weins C.(2012). Exploring the disparities of regional health care expenditures inSwitzerland: some empirical evidence.Eur J Health Econ, 13(2):193202. Rockwood K Mitnitski A.(2007). Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 62 (7): 722-7. Rozenfeld Y. Hunt J.(2008). Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycemic control in managed care.Am J Manag Care, 14(2):7175. Sokol M. (2005). Impact of medication adherence on hospitalization risk and healthcare cost.Med Care, 43(6):521530. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). Disabling, Deadly, and on the Rise. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp

The Importance of Education in Preventing Prejudices Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Education in Preventing Prejudices Essay Ignorance is a huge problem, it is one of the biggest factors responsible for issues such as racism and sexism. Luckily, ignorance, generally speaking, is a relatively easy issue to fix. The obvious answer here would be more education, but this is not necessarily the case. In order to eliminate much of the racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice that arise due to ignorance, it is necessary to look at education from another perspective: one that encourages togetherness and development alongside people of all races and genders. One quote by Grace Boggs book The Next American Revolution summarizes the issue perfectly. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Education in Preventing Prejudices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now â€Å"Just imagine what our neighborhoods would be like if, instead of keeping our children isolated in classrooms for twelve years and more, we engaged them in community-building activities with the same audacity with which the civil rights movement engaged them in desegregation activities fifty years ago! .Our children will be absorbing naturally and normally the values of social responsibility and cooperation at the same time that they are being inspired to learn the skills and acquire the information necessary to solve real problems† (Boggs 158). So, the main point here is that prejudice, against all sexes, genders, and creeds, can be eliminated via education that encourages cooperation with the largest variety of people. In order to understand this concept, it is necessary to look at it from a few different perspectives to analyze its viability in modern society. First, it is necessary to examine the current paradigm within education in order to determine exactly what it is about the modern system that requires changing. One of the most immediate concerns comes as a result of the school facilities the. .r through the power of music, will not be forgotten. Racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice are simply not acceptable in modern society, and the sooner they can be eliminated altogether, the sooner the world can truly advance. Works Cited Boggs, Grace Lee, and Scott Kurashige. The next American revolution: Sustainable activism for the twenty-first century. University of California Pr, 2012. Print. Dyson, Michael Eric. Holler If You Hear Me 2006: Searching for Tupac Shakur. Basic Civitas Books, 2006. Print. Godin, Seth. Stop stealing dreams. 2012. Print. Hooks, Bell. Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. Vol. 4. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. Manifesto of the communist party. CH Kerr Company, 1906. Print. Tupac: Resurrection Dir. Lauren Lazin. Perf. Tupac Shakur. 2003. Film.

Sector Analysis Background DTL Power Corporation

Sector Analysis Background DTL Power Corporation Overview Structure The geothermal sector is growing tremendously in diverse countries across the world because it is a renewable form of energy. In the energy sector, renewable form of energy contributes about 17% of energy, while non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear contributes about 80% and 3% respectively.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sector Analysis Background: DTL Power Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As geothermal energy is one of the renewable forms of energy, it contributes barely 1% globally, but it has huge potential. For instance, geothermal energy contributes 30%, 24%, 24%, and 15% of electricity in Iceland, El Salvador, Kenya, Philippines, and Costa Rica respectively. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (2014), the western part of the US has great geothermal potential. It is estimated that the region can supply up to 20 percent of the energy requireme nt in the country. In the United States, the geothermal field in California has the largest geothermal plant in the world called The Geysers, which produces 3,386 megawatts. New Mexico relies heavily on electricity generated from fossil fuels, yet it has geothermal resources in the Jemez Mountains, which has the potential of generating huge amounts of electricity that can serve New Mexico and neighboring states. In this view, the structure of geothermal industry shows that it has immense potential of generating electricity, which requires exploitation. Major Players The major players in the geothermal sector are federal government and energy companies. The federal government regulates exploitation of geothermal resources by ensuring that it benefits all stakeholders and generates renewable form of energy for industrial development.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the Department of Energy, the federal government formulates policies and regulations, which guide exploitation of geothermal resources in various states. The federal government also uses Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in regulating interstate transmission of electricity in the United States and protects consumers using Federal Trade Commission. Through Environmental Protection Agency, federal government ensures that exploitation and use of geothermal resources do not pose any harm to the environment. Fundamentally, the federal government is an important player in the energy industry because it dictates exploitation of geothermal resources. Geothermal Energy Association is an integral player in the geothermal sector because it is a trade union of geothermal companies, which advocate for the exploitation of geothermal resources across the world. Moreover, the geothermal companies that belong to this trade union actively exploit geothermal resources in various par ts of the world. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (2015), Chadbourne and Park, Scientific Drilling International, Therma Source, Ethos Energy Group, and Industrial Builders are the companies that form the executive level, while Calpine Corporation, Gradient Resources, Enel Green Power North America, Bershire, Cyrq Energy, and Ormat Technologies are some of the companies that form the board level. The Calpine Corporation controls about 90 percent of the geothermal resources in the US. As these companies advocate for the exploitation of geothermal resources and represent geothermal companies, they deliberate on issues and make important decisions, which influence policies and regulations in the geothermal sector.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sector Analysis Background: DTL Power Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other major players in the United States are Energy Vision Internation al Florida, Kepler Energy, Asheville Geothermal, Evergreen Energy, Earth Source Energy Solutions, and Geopower Texas amongst others. Examination of the players in the geothermal sector indicates that it is a very competitive sector. A Brief historical Perspective Although geothermal resources have existed for thousands of centuries, the technology to exploit them as a renewable energy has been lacking. Archeological evidence indicates that ancient people used hot springs as a source of water for bathing, cleaning, and extracting minerals. In the United States, archeological evidence shows that Paleo-Indians used hot springs in washing, cleaning, extracting minerals, and warming themselves. In recent years, technological developments have allowed large corporations to produce energy from geothermal sources in a cost-effective manner. In the United States, the first geothermal plant called The Geysers was established in 1960 in the Californian geothermal field. According to the Geothe rmal Energy Association (2014), huge investments by the Calpine Corporation have seen the number of geothermal units grow to the current 18. Given that 80% of electricity emanates from fossil fuels, it contributes to global warming. The need to mitigate global warming has promoted exploitation of geothermal resources because they are renewable sources, which do contribute significantly to global warming. Globally, governments in conjunction with Geothermal Energy Association and other bodies are advocating for the exploitation geothermal resources. Currently, geothermal resources only produce 1% of electricity yet they have the potential of producing over 30% as in the case of the geothermal sector in Iceland.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nature of Competition The nature of competition that exists in the geothermal sector in New Mexico and the United States is highly competitive. Since geothermal companies operate in a free market economy, they operate in a highly competitive environment, which requires enormous resources, compliance with prevailing legislations, acquisition of experts, and application of novel technology. The costs involved in starting geothermal company are prohibitive in that mega companies can only afford (The Geothermal Energy Association, 2014). National and international companies compete for the scarce geothermal resources in various parts of the world, including New Mexico. The ability to exploit the available geothermal resources is mainly dependent on the capacity of a company to mobilize required startup capital. In this view, DTL Power Corporation should be ready to invest a competitive amount of capital in the establishment and development of geothermal plant in New Mexico. Additionally , geothermal sector is highly competitive because it has a number of legislations that geothermal companies must comply with before receiving permission to explore and exploit geothermal resources. The federal government requires geothermal companies to comply with regulations of the Department of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Federal Trade Union. Moreover, the trade union of geothermal companies, Geothermal Energy Association, has legislations that regulate their operations in the geothermal sector (Geothermal Energy Association, 2015). To survive in a highly competitive geothermal sector, DTL Power Corporation also needs to seek expertise and employ the latest technology, which matches or surpasses that of leading players such as Calpine Corporation. Recent News Story The recent news story shows that geothermal industry is growing gradually owing to the promotion of renewable sources of energy by various governments globally . Galbraith (2014) states that the electricity generated globally from geothermal resources increases by 5% annually, with the United States being the leading producer of electricity from geothermal energy. The use of oil and gas technology of drilling has enhanced exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources in different parts of the world, including the United States. Given that establishment of geothermal plants is expensive, it has prohibited many countries and companies from exploring and exploiting geothermal resources. Geothermal engineers explain that it takes about 50-60% of the project’s cost to drill wells and the probability of locating sustainable hot springs is 70-90% (Galbraith, 2014). The explanation implies that exploration of geothermal resources is very expensive, and thus, requires expertise to increase the probability of locating sustainable hot spring and reduce the expenses. Sector’s Societal Importance The geothermal sector has immense b enefits to the society because it generates a renewable form of energy, creates employment opportunities, reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, and generates revenue to governments. Since the current society relies on non-renewable form of energy obtained from fossil fuels, the geothermal sector is very important because it offers renewable source of energy that is sustainable. The renewability and sustainability of geothermal energy emanate from the fact that the geothermal heat is inexhaustible. Essentially, electricity generated from geothermal resources is very reliable because it is not subject to seasons and intermittent environmental conditions, unlike solar energy and wind energy. The geothermal sector is also beneficial to society because it creates immense opportunities for employment. Kunkel, Ghomshei, and Ellis (2012) state that geothermal plants create job opportunities for engineers, mechanics, geologists, architects, operators, hydrologists, technicians, researchers, government regulators, and lawyers amongst other related specialists. In this view, communities that live in areas where geothermal plants exist benefit from the available job opportunities. The release of harmful emissions such as greenhouse gases limits exploitation and use of fossil fuels. The exploitation of geothermal resources is advantageous because they emit minimal amount of greenhouse gases into the environment, and thus, does not contribute significantly to global warming. Fundamentally, the beneficial effect of geothermal resources to the society is that it reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, and thus, aid in alleviating the impact of global warming. Kunkel, Ghomshei, and Ellis (2012) argue that the technology of closed-loop circulation is important in geothermal sector because it prevents the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Overall, the society benefits owing to the reduced emission of greenhouse gases and poisonous gases, which are harmful to human ity and the environment. Geothermal sector also generates revenue for state and federal governments since they collect taxes and royalties from the geothermal companies. References Geothermal Energy Association. (2014). 2014 Annual US and Global Geothermal  Power Production Report. Web. Geothermal Energy Association. (2015). Major Companies. Web. Galbraith, K. (2014, July 23). Geothermal Industry Grows, With Help from Oil and Gas. Drilling. New York Times. Web. Kunkel, T., Ghomshei, M., Ellis, R. (2012). Geothermal energy as an indigenous  alternative energy source in British Columbia. Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 13(2), 1-16.

Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Strategies - Essay Example A leader should always be aware that their emotional instability shows in the group through frustration and low morale (Goleman, Boyatziz and McKee, 2013). According to Goleman, Boyatziz & McKee (2013) there are different types of leaders. Discordant leaders are those who are not in touch with their group emotions. The negative impact, a discordant leader, can have on the group, include internal anger and rage, frustration and lack of focus on tasks. Harmony and understanding are part of a strong working unit. According to Goleman, Boyatziz & McKee (2013) the brain is in charge of many functions within the body. One of them includes hormones that generate superior emotions or those that create awful emotions. A leaders frame of mind is related to how the brain operates. An emotionally able leader can be a powerful tool in stirring, awakening passion and enthusiasm in people. Leadership: Leading At the Edge The most important aspect of Shackletons’ leadership according to Stokes (2006) is primal leadership highlighted in Emotional Intelligence (EI). Primal leadership refers to the most crucial act of leadership which means acting as the group’s emotional leader while eliminating emotions that are negative and unhealthy for the group. According to Ainsberg (2010) to create movement and momentum Shackleton found that although you are not able to influence what happens to you, you can choose how you handle the situation. Instead of giving up and allowing self-pity to take over, Shackleton chose to motivate and inspire himself and his men in order to reach their goal. According to Ainsberg (2010) the main goal was to keep the emotions and spirits of the group up. Shackleton encouraged the crew to sing songs and play music that can act as a method of unifying and keeping attitudes positive. Through these actions, the group can connect and become closer to each

Computer technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer technology - Essay Example Computer systems consist of both software and hardware. The hardware components are tangible components of the system: main memory, CPU, peripherals such as monitor, video display etc (Gookin 2006). Software part is the set of instructions that define what the actions of the computer hardware (Alagar and Peryasammy 2011). Typically a computer requires both the system software Minimum user requirements Fred, Barry and Jane need a Single PC for their gaming needs. Frankly, there are no many options for a PC with the minimum requirements they desire that can go for the price in their budget estimate of 350. For a gaming PC no existing integrated graphics acceleration cards can handle the processing requirements of the game. In this case a graphics processor that is dedicated will still be required. OS: Windows Vista or Windows 7 Processor: Core 2 Duo 2.4 GHz or Althon X2 2.7 GHz RAM: 2GB Graphic card: DirectX 10 or 11 compatible Nvidia or AMD ATI card, ATI Radeon 3870 or higher, Nvidia GeForce 8800 GT or higher. Graphics card memory: 512 MB Sound card: DirectX compatible sound card Hard drive: 15 GB for disc version or 10 GB for digital version Fig. 1 Complete desktop computer The retailer has the option of making a choice between several brands, manufacturers of computers; Dell, Hewlett Packard and IBM. In my assessment I would recommend a machine that is high performing with the functionality that can well fit the gaming requirements. Since the budget constraints the selections, the best option is to go for the components that are most important in supporting gaming requirements. The computer features most essential for a gaming machine are; processor, graphics card, internal memory and hard disk capacity. Compromising on other desired features such as sound will not harm the game and the advantage will be the cost cuts. Justification Quad-Core Processor Though lesser processors such as dual-core are cheaper and within the budget, the ability of a quad core to s upport a larger number of tasks at the same time is a must for serious gaming. This is a good processor will help the computers to run effectively. The processor is the brain of the computer and controls most of the work done by the PC. For gaming requirements, multimedia multitasking, for example video recording while browsing will give a more pleasant experience. Processors are generally defined by their speed - in megahertz (MHz) or in gigahertz (GHz) - and it relates to the number of operations they can perform per second. The higher the value, the faster the PC will perform and the more expensive it generally is. I will recommend the Quad-Core AMD Opteronâ„ ¢ Processor with Direct Connect Architecture are designed to deliver industry leading power efficiency, optimal virtualization, outstanding performance, and low TCO - all within a consistent footprint and thermal envelopes. Fig. 2 Central processing unit AMD Phenomâ„ ¢ X4 Quad-Core Processors is a true quad-core perfor mance for the way gaming multi-task today, and for the next-generation applications that will be needed in the near future. Stable commercial AMD Phenomâ„ ¢ X4 quad-core processors offer industry-leading platform stability and longevity, investment protection, and the exceptional performance you expect from AMD. In addition, the processor comes with unique features for energy efficiency ‘AMD’ (2011). Random Access Memory (RAM) The computers will need about 4 gigabytes of memory so that they can run

Selzer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Selzer - Assignment Example Through the story, the lesson learnt is that the narrator and other doctors invented this parrot fever disease and advised the public of its negative influence on people. So it seems as if this doctor was also a journalist â€Å"the parrot fever made malady out to be virulent, mysterious and exotic despite the fact that, the diseases was not baffling: it had been identified in the nineteenth century† (Warren, 611 pp). For patients, it seems, parrot fever instills fear than any other thing in the world. Some people even get more worried than the parrot itself (Warren, 608 pp). Considering the history of the doctor and the patient, the doctor’s is more important in relation to that of the patient. It is the doctor that first discovers the about the parrot disease and then raises public awareness through the New York time magazine. It is a gesture to let people know facts about the fever and consequentially, treats the infected patients. In conclusion, therefore, this story of parrot fever disease as presented, it is prudent to note the educational importance to every reader and pet rears. This paper has the message to all those who keep parrots to be aware of its disease that can prove to be deadly to both the parrot and the entire family. Therefore, it is imperative to consult a pet doctor when buying a pet for a home, for any communicable disease. Where there is a pet already, it is healthy to visit a doctor for a

Why Is Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude Important Environmental Sciences Essay

Why Is Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude Important Environmental Sciences Essay Explain With Examples Why the Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) Is Of Such Key Importance for the Glacier-Climate Relationship. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on the limits of former glaciers use estimates of the associated equilibrium line altitudes (Benn and Gemmell 1997). The equilibrium line altitude is defined as the elevation at which mass balance is equal, where accumulation of snow is exactly balanced by ablation over a period of a year (Hoinkes, 1970) meaning that mass balance and the equilibrium line altitude for individual glaciers are usually strongly correlated (Braithwaite and Raper 2010). Therefore there is a very close connection between the Equilibrium Line Altitude and local climate, providing an important indicator of glacier response to climate change and hence allowing for reconstructions of former climates and the prediction of future glacier behaviour (Benn and Lehmkuhl, 2000). In order to truly understand the, often complicated, relationship between a glaciers equilibrium line altitude and the corresponding climate of the local area, definitions of mass balance, accumulation and ablation area and the equilibrium line altitude, must be initially discussed. The ablation area is the lower region of a glacier where snow loss (ablation) exceeds snowfall. The melting of the glacier and the calving of icebergs is the major form of ablation, expressed quantitatively as units of water equivalent, given in meters (Braithwaite 2002). The accumulation area is the upper region of a glacier where snow accumulation exceeds melting. A simplified description in the identification of a cirque depicts the area being an arm chair-shaped bowl (Flint 1971) with the headwall exceeding 35 degrees and the arcuate floor underachieving 20 degrees (Evans 1977). Accumulation occurs mostly through snowfall whether it is direct or blown from neighbouring plateaus and summits. The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is the boundary between the ablation area and the accumulation area, the elevation at which mass balance is equal, where accumulation of snow is exactly balanced by ablation over a period of a year (Hoinkes 1970). Glacier mass balance is the total difference between the gains and losses over a given period of time, for example a calculation of positive mass, explains that the glacier is gaining mass overall and a negative calculation when the glacier is being seen as losing mass (Benn and Evans 1997). On many glaciers, the amount of annual ablation and accumulation varies systematically with altitude, although this simple pattern is often complicated by local influences. Glacier mass balance reflects the climate of the region in which the glacier is situated together with site specific glacier morphology and local topographic setting. The idea of mass balance is therefore an important link between climatic inputs and glacier behaviour allowing the advance and retreat of many glaciers to be understood in terms of region or global climatic change. Because the equilibrium line is the place where annual accumulation totals exactly balance ablation totals, the ELA is closely connected with local climate, particularly precipitation and air temperatures, being highly sensitive to perturbations in either of these 2 variables, with rises in response to decreasing snowfall and/or increasing frequency of positive air temperatures and vice versa (Benn and Evans 1997). Perhaps the best illustration of glacier-climate interaction is the relationship between the net balance and the ELA. When the annual mass balance of the glacier as a whole is negative the ELA rises, and when the balance is positive, the ELA falls. Variations in the altitude of the equilibrium line on a particular glacier, therefore, can be used as an indicator of climatic fluctuations (Kuhn, 1981). It is useful to specify the climate at the ELA as some unique combination of precipitation and temperature. (Benn and Evans) If a climate change occurs that increases the mass balance the glacier will advance, in an attempt to reach a new equilibrium position. The surplus of accumulation that exists must be balanced by an increase in ablation, which is accomplished by expanding the low-elevation terminus zone of the ablation area. If a climate change occurs that overall reduces the mass balance, the glacier will retreat in an attempt to achieve equilibrium. The retreat will reduce the area of the glacier in the lowest elevation terminus area where ablation is highest. If by retreat mass balance equilibrium is reached the glacier will cease retreating. However, the definition of the ELA initially does not imply that the glacier is in equilibrium and therefore the glacier may be gaining or losing mass on an annual basis. The ELA value associated with zero annual mass balance for the whole glacier is known as the steady-state ELA. When the annual ELA coincides with the steady-state ELA, ice mass and geometry are in equilibrium with climate, and the glacier will neither grow nor shrink. (Benn and Lehmkuhl 2000) However, majority of individual glacier ELAs deviate significantly from local climate ideals due, for example, to patterns of shading and snow redistribution by wind and avalanching. The main variables affecting mass balance at the ELA are winter precipitation (accumulation) and summer temperatures (ablation). A strong relationship exists between summer temperature and precipitation at the ELA of modern glaciers and this has been shown empirically by Ohmura et al. (1992) for 70 glaciers worldwide. Ohmura et al. found that winter accumulation plus summer precipitation (= annual precipitation) had a close relationship with summer temperature (Jun/July/Aug) However, Hughes and Braithwaite (2008) showed that the relationship between accumulation and summer temperature at the glacier ELA was more complicated with annual temperature range playing an important role. They continued to show that because of the role of annual temperature range, there must be a relationship between annual mean temperature and accumulation on a glacier Within the following pages the focus develops upon tropical glaciers in the Andes range, due to their particular degree of variance along latitude in relation to the zero degree isotherm. The difference between the ELA and 0 °C isotherm is a good indicator of the sensitivity of tropical glaciers to climatic global warming. It rises significantly from below zero meters in the inner tropics to several hundred metres in the outer tropics. From below zero degrees: the 0 °C isotherm is above the ELA (Kaser and George 1997). Thus, glaciers in the outer tropics may be more easily affected by changes in precipitation as it governs the albedo and radiation balance. The outer tropics and inner tropics vary significantly regarding this, illustrating the extent of variability of glacier-climate relationships. Within the Peruvian Andes, mass accumulation takes place only during the wet season and predominately in the upper parts of the glaciers, whereas ablation occurs throughout the whole ye ar. Thus, the vertical budget gradient is much stronger on tropical tongues than on those in mid latitudes (Lliboutry, morales and Schneider, 1997). Consequently under equilibrium conditions, tropical ablation areas are markedly smaller and the accumulation area ratio (AAR) has to be considered larger than in mid latitudes (Kaser and George 1997). (Benn et al 2005) Glaciers of the tropics and subtropics inhabit high altitudes and differ in important ways from mid-and high-latitude glaciers in lower topographic settings. Consequently the methods used to reconstruct and interpret former glacier equilibrium line altitudes in low altitude regions need to be tailored to local conditions, as methods and protocols developed for other settings may not be appropriate. Annual variations in mean daily temperatures are smaller than diurnal temperatures ranges. This constancy in the mean daily temperatures in the topics means that the 0 degree Celsius atmospheric isotherm maintains a fairly constant altitude and ablation occurs on the lower parts of glaciers all year. Vertical mass balance profiles are also influenced by climatic setting. In the humid tropics ablation gradients tend to be steeper than in drier environments, due to altitudinal variations in the amount of snow, sleet and rain falling on the ablation zone during the wet months. Thus the mass balance profiles of tropical glaciers tend to exhibit a sharper inflection at the equilibrium line than those of mid latitudes glaciers. The accurate reconstruction of past ELAs requires that the extent and morphology of the former glaciers can be accurately determined. Furthermore the age of the reconstructed glacier needs to be determined to enable researchers to use the ELAs as proxies for past climatic conditions (Benn 2005). The simplest assumption is that all ELA can be attributed to changes in temperature, which can be estimated by using an assumed average environmental lapse rate in the atmosphere. However, if there were associated changes in precipitation, the estimated temperature change would be different. The point applies even in humid tropics. For example, Kaser and Osmaston 2002 found that 20th century changes in the ELAs of glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca cannot be determined by temperature changes alone, but were also influenced by changes in humidity. However, the difficulty of separating out the temperature and precipitation signals need not negate the usefulness of ELA in providing palaeoclimatic information. Glaciers of the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca region represent more than 25% of all tropical glaciers with the 260 glaciers stretching for 130km, reaching 6000m level at several summits. The climate is characterised by small seasonal but large daily temperature variations and the alteration of a pronounced dry season and wet season bringing 70-80% of the annual precipitation. ELA recordings were taken for the 1930s and 1950s on the massif of Santa Cruz, Alpamayo, Pucahirca, in the northern part of the cordillera Blanca by Kaser and George in 1997. The Accumulation Area method was utilised to determine the mean ELA, results highlighting a general reduction of precipitation amounts, mainly during the wet season and therefore a reduction in accumulation. A vertical shift of 35 to 58 meters was also observed a significant rise showing glacier shrinkage and tongue retreat. It is suggested that a reduction in air humidity and its effect on the above mentioned atmospheric circulation system i s the main reason for this determined retreat of the glaciers between 1930 and 1950 as it influences the mass balance in various respects. Furthermore, the rise of the ELA shows different values across the Santa Cruz Pucahirca massif. Concluding, Kaser and George (1997) notify the reader that a combination of spatially uniform rising in air temperature and a decrease in air humidity with spatially different effects has to be taken into account as a cause for the glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950. A second case study, located between 8.5 and 9 °N, the Cordillera de Merida within the Venezuelan Andes, a region within the tropics, which possesses evidence suggesting glacial ice coverage was abundant in the past. Three geographic sub-regions were studied by Schubert (1984) with the view to reconstruct 9 palaeoglaciers. Two methods to determine ELA were used to develop paleoclimatic assumptions: Accumulation Area Ratio method and the Accumulation Area Balance Ratio. The above methods enabled the approximation of ELA during the LGM (last glacial maximum). Results acquired from the study were that the ELA of the individual glaciers lowered in response to decreased air temperatures and increased snow during the LGM. The in depth Investigation revealed the ELA of the 9 observed glaciers would have experienced a lowering of roughly 850-1420m throughout the LGM, coinciding with decreased air temperatures. The palaeoglacier reconstruction demonstrated the spatial extent to which the eq uilibrium line altitude is susceptible to change in response to climatic changes within the Cordillera de Merida. Conclusions implied a support towards a later proposition that a glaciers ELA is closely connected with the surrounding local climate (Benn and Lehmkuhl 2000). The following final case study locates within the Cordillera Real and Cordillera de Quimsa Cruz, in the Bolivian Andes, due to the low latitude, glaciation within the area is reduced and glaciers are small (80% cover less than 0.5  km ²). Within the study Rabatel et al (2008) 15 proglacial margins were investigated, leading to a further reduction of 10 principle moraines being identified that mark the successive positions of glaciers over the last four centuries. The ELA was determined on each glacier using the Accumulation Area Ratio method. The reconstruction of the glacier ELA and observations of any changes in mass balance, Rabatel et al (2998) expressed that glacier maximum may be due to a 20 to 30% increase in precipitation and a 1.1 to 1.2 degrees Celsius decrease in temperature compared with present conditions. Increasing accumulation of snow above the ELA suggests snowfalls have a strong influence on the net radiative balance in the ablation zone via the albedo. The rese archers continue to explain that within the early 18th century, glaciers began to retreat at varying rates until the late 19th to early 20th century; this trend was generally associated with decreasing accumulation rates. By contrast, glacier recession in the 20th century was mainly the consequence of an increase in temperature and humidity. Although the ELA of a glacier, past or present can be a first-rate proxy for the glacier-climate relationship, the methodology chosen can greatly effect the interpretation of the results. Different reconstruction methods of changes in ELA may produce a range of results for the same glacier and therefore inconsistent and unreliable conclusions will be inferred. Ramage et al (2005) compared ELA reconstruction methods within the Junà ­n Plain in the central Peruvian Andes. Descriptions of each method were given and limitations were highlighted. The Toe-to-Headwall Altitude Ration method, a commonly used method due to its relative ease of determining ELAs using map data, expressed that low errors were still evident. The Accumulation Area Ratio method: based on the empirically derived ratio of accumulation area to total area of glacier, however, AARs are likely to be highly variable between glaciers even within small regions, depending on the extent and distribution of debris cover in th e ablation area, and the relative importance of direct snowfall and avalanching as mechanisms of accumulation (Benn and Lehmkuhl 2000) A more accurate method of palaeo ELA calculation is the Furbish and Andrews (1984) Accumulation Area Balance Ratio a method developed due to the inconsistencies within the AAR not accounting for altitudinal distribution of a glaciers surface area. Therefore, this method can be used to derive ELA under assumed steady-state conditions and uses an idealised linear mass balance curve to calculate ELA. Ramage et al (2005) concluded that the methods did not greatly differ for this region and morphology, yet each method possessed different correlation values. The relationships between climate, glaciers and topography are, however, not those of simple cause and effect but are characterized by interdependence. They are also scale and time-dependent in that as a glacier grows it increasingly modifies its climate and the topography (Sutherland 1984). In addition Hodge et al (1998) suggests that although the ELA is a phenomenal proxy for determining glacier climate relationships, it can unfortunately be influenced by other non-climatic factors; for example avalanche, topographic variances and debris fall (Hodge et al 1998). Avalanche can equal increased accumulation, thus a positive mass balance equating to an ELA fall. This can occur regardless of climatic influence; therefore the resulting ELA may not give a 100% accurate representation of the glacier-climate relationship. Smith et al (2005) argues further, that reconstructed tropical LGM ELA lowering may be due to local enhancing factors not solely climate. Additionally, glacier melting, co upled with avalanches, climate and local geographic topography may distort the observed ELA with reference to climatic impact therefore not 100% accurate for indicating glacier-climate relationship. In addition to the ELA other variables have been measured that allow inferences to be made about the relationship between glaciers and the associated past climate. Radiation is a major component in the ablation of ice from glaciers and the effectiveness of radiation on a glacier is a function of the aspect, slope and nature of the snow or ice cover of the glacier surface as well as latitude, date and time of day (Sutherland 1984). Various energy-balance models (Williams, 1975; 1979; Kuhn, 1981) have been devised to model these factors and explain the distribution of present-day and former glaciers as well as investigate general glacier/climate relationships. In the South East Grampians, Sissons and Sutherland (1976) established that the deviation of one unit of the isolation factor from the local value for a horizontal glacier was equivalent to raising or lowering the ELA by 25 m, thus providing a physical link between the two variables. Studies of modern glaciers, particularly of the relationships between their mass balance and the local climate, have provided a sound physical basis on which past climates can be inferred from former glaciers. Studies of the mass balance of modern glaciers have indicated that the equilibrium line altitude is the most critical parameter in the link between glaciers and climate (Sutherland 1984). In relation to tropical glacier regions, sharp changes in the area of the 0 °C isotherm level, highlights the sensitivity of the ELA to climatic changes, posing the notion that to truly understand the complex association between the ELA and the glacier-climate relationship, knowledge on its relative position to the 0 °c level is required. Furthermore, it is safe to assume that the ELA to some extent is a good indicator of climatic change especially in relation to tropical glaciers which have a greater degree of sensitivity to climate. However, it must be noted that there are non-climatic i nfluences upon the calculated ELA for any glacier, past or present and therefore the glacier-climate relationship is a far more complex issue to observe and understand.

The Ethics of Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Ethical Questions of Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   A couple that had been married for only two years was in a terrible car accident.  Ã‚   The wife walked away with a few cuts and bruises.   The husband, however was unconscious when the paramedics arrived.   He went into a coma shortly after arriving at the nearby hospital. He came out of the coma but was never to be the same again.   It turns out that when he was in the accident he had severe head trauma, and would be a vegetable the rest of his life.   He could not take part in the reproduction of children.   The wife is now distraught because they will never have children together.   She heard about the possibility of cloning and believes that it is the only way that she will ever have children.   Is it so?    Introduction The ethics of human cloning has become a great issue in the past few years.   The advocates for both sides of the issue have many reasons to clone or not to clone.   This is an attempt to explore the pros and cons of human cloning and to provide enough information of both sides of the arguments in order for the reader to make their own informed decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not.   Cloning will first be defined.   Then a brief explanation of why questions concerning cloning humans have arisen will be presented.   Some things cannot be known for sure unless it is tested, i.e., human cloning is allowed. Followed by that, a discussion of the facts and opinions that support cloning will be presented and then the same against cloning.   Please remember that not all of this has proven true nor is able to be proven yet, but has simply been argued as a scientific hypothesis.   Finally, my own personal opinion will be stated.       Defining Human Cloning When speaking of human cloning, what is meant?   Different groups and organizations define it differently.   To use a specific definition, the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as "the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer.   'Somatic cell nuclear transfer' refers to the process which the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing organism is transferred into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed" (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs 1).   In other words, cloning is the method of produce a baby that has the same genes as its parent. The Ethics of Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics The Ethical Questions of Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   A couple that had been married for only two years was in a terrible car accident.  Ã‚   The wife walked away with a few cuts and bruises.   The husband, however was unconscious when the paramedics arrived.   He went into a coma shortly after arriving at the nearby hospital. He came out of the coma but was never to be the same again.   It turns out that when he was in the accident he had severe head trauma, and would be a vegetable the rest of his life.   He could not take part in the reproduction of children.   The wife is now distraught because they will never have children together.   She heard about the possibility of cloning and believes that it is the only way that she will ever have children.   Is it so?    Introduction The ethics of human cloning has become a great issue in the past few years.   The advocates for both sides of the issue have many reasons to clone or not to clone.   This is an attempt to explore the pros and cons of human cloning and to provide enough information of both sides of the arguments in order for the reader to make their own informed decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not.   Cloning will first be defined.   Then a brief explanation of why questions concerning cloning humans have arisen will be presented.   Some things cannot be known for sure unless it is tested, i.e., human cloning is allowed. Followed by that, a discussion of the facts and opinions that support cloning will be presented and then the same against cloning.   Please remember that not all of this has proven true nor is able to be proven yet, but has simply been argued as a scientific hypothesis.   Finally, my own personal opinion will be stated.       Defining Human Cloning When speaking of human cloning, what is meant?   Different groups and organizations define it differently.   To use a specific definition, the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as "the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer.   'Somatic cell nuclear transfer' refers to the process which the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing organism is transferred into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed" (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs 1).   In other words, cloning is the method of produce a baby that has the same genes as its parent.

Cyberbullying Essay

Many teens across the world are facing issues with cyber bullying. Not only are the teens being affected but their families too. People wonder what to do with this situation. With technology increasing, it’s making kids easier to bully one another online and through many different forms of technology. As cyber bullying has become the number one type of bullying, many lives are being affected. Cyber bullying is the use of the internet, cell phones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information about another person (cyberbullying 1). It can also take many forms including, repeatedly sending emails to people who have said they don’t want contact with the sender. It includes sending threats, making sexual remarks, using offensive language or labels, or posting humiliating photos or videos, as well as spreading rumors or lies about the victim (cyberbullying 1). Numerous reports of cyber bullying have states questioning whether they s hould take action or not. In today’s society it is extremely easy to abuse the use of technology. Many teens and young adults express anger and other emotions toward one another through some type of media. As the number of cases rise, schools and states are passing more and more laws to protect the children and citizens of their community. Some people are arguing that we don’t need cyber bullying laws, that we already have laws against bullying and that should be enough. â€Å"Laws may be imperfect and enforcement may be difficult and spotty, but that’s better than nothing. I’d rather have anti-bullying laws that protect kids 90% of the time and have difficulties 10% of the time, than have no laws to stop cyber bullying and leave kids vulnerable 100% of the time† (Leichtling, 2013, pg. 2). One reason that people don’t think its necessary to create a law–for cyber bullying–is because speech is constitutionally protected (Murphy 1). We, as citizens of the United States of America, have the right to freedom of speech. But with the right to freedom of speech comes a price. A price we all have to live with, and that’s the price of someone’s life. No matter what, there will always be that one person who has to be better than someone else. There comes a point in life where we have to realize that sometimes the laws need to be broken. In this case, it’s for the better. No one’s life is worth the protection of speech. If we keep on letting cyber bullying go because of the person’s â€Å"rights† then we need a major wake up call. No matter what we do we won’t be able to stop it, but if we stand up and take  action then we can lessen the amount of cyber bullying that happens. Only 18 states have a cyber-bullying law that protects kids from electronic abuse, while 47 states have laws against physical bullying (State Cyberbullying Laws). As schools realize the effect of cyber bullying, they have stepped up and are ready to fight. Schools are passing laws in and out of school. The schools are stepping in and monitoring the students’ social accounts. If a student bullies someone during school break (like spring break, summer break, etc.) the school can intervene and suspend or even expel the student. In a survey taken in 2005 16.2% have been reported that they’ve been a victim outside of school (Uhls 2). Another way to protect students from bullying is Title IX. Many people don’t think too much about Title IX because they think it’s just to equalize the students. Title IX is to help prevent gender discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual violence (Murphy 2). â€Å"Schools rarely acknowledge sexual harassment when they see it, and even when they do, they avoid getting involved when some of the conduct occurs off-campus. They tell parents they only have jurisdiction over harassment that occurs â€Å"on campus† or in connection with a school-sponsored activity.† (Murphy 2). Not anymore though, many schools are stepping up and taking action even when school isn’t in session. Schools need to take Title IX more seriously and use it to help the families that are facing issues with cyber bullying. Title IX can do many things to help prevent students from being bullied or sexual harassed by other students. Most families don’t know about it, so they don’t think to bring it up in court. If schools and courts advertised Title IX more often than the number of suicides–due to cyber bullying–would drop d ramatically. People need to know that there is a way to get help and that they are not alone. In a recent study of 2,000 random middle-schoolers, 20% of them were seriously thinking about attempting suicide, while 19% reported attempting suicide. That means 39% of the 2,000 kids wanted to end their life (Hinduja 1, 2). The most commonly-reported form of cyber bullying was: â€Å"posted something online about another person to make others laugh† while the most frequent form of victimization was: â€Å"received an upsetting email form someone you know† (Hinduja 2). Cyber bullying takes a toll on everyone’s life. For some teens it can make them depressed and hate themselves. For others it can cause them to turn to drugs or alcohol. Teens are easily influenced by media and what  their peers say. So when cyber bullying occurs, it’s easy for the teen to believe it and think negative things. We need to stand up and take action. Have more campaigns about positive things and not so many negative things. Teens need to feel safe at school, but sadly that’s one of the last places teens feel safe. Teens that are cyber bullied usually have no where to turn to. The small but significant variation found in suicidal thoughts and actions based on bullying and cyber bullying suggests that all forms of adolescent peer aggression must be taken seriously–both at school and at home (Hinduja 2) There are many different ways we can help protect students from being bullied. Schools have hotlines that students can call anonymously if they want to report bullying. A major reason why kids don’t report cyber bullying is because they are scared of getting bullied themselves. Schools need to pass stricter laws and parents need to start monitoring their children’s social activity, even if they are the ones being bullied. In cases of cyber bullying you can never be to protective. So many kids have died because they have felt useless and worthless due to cyber bullying. How would you like it if you were being told daily that you meant nothing to world, and that it would be better off with out you. Eventually it would get to your head and effect you. Even some of the strongest people are bullied and it kills them–in and out. Girls however though, are more likely to be bullied than boys, just like girls are more likely to bully than guys are (Cyberbullying 1). If given the chance, people will be mean, nasty and vicious to others, especially if they can act anonymously or the target can’t fight back effectively (Leichtling 2). No matter there will always be mean people in this world. Nothing will change that, it’s just part of life. But it doesn’t justify for all the lives that it has cost. Things need to change. Schools and states need to pass stricter and more serious laws that help protect kids and young adults from cyber bullying. As technology increases, bullying becomes easier and kids are getting away with it. It’s time to take a stand and fight for the kids who couldn’t fight back.