The Importance of Education in Preventing Prejudices Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Education in Preventing Prejudices Essay Ignorance is a huge problem, it is one of the biggest factors responsible for issues such as racism and sexism. Luckily, ignorance, generally speaking, is a relatively easy issue to fix. The obvious answer here would be more education, but this is not necessarily the case. In order to eliminate much of the racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice that arise due to ignorance, it is necessary to look at education from another perspective: one that encourages togetherness and development alongside people of all races and genders. One quote by Grace Boggs book The Next American Revolution summarizes the issue perfectly. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Education in Preventing Prejudices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now â€Å"Just imagine what our neighborhoods would be like if, instead of keeping our children isolated in classrooms for twelve years and more, we engaged them in community-building activities with the same audacity with which the civil rights movement engaged them in desegregation activities fifty years ago! .Our children will be absorbing naturally and normally the values of social responsibility and cooperation at the same time that they are being inspired to learn the skills and acquire the information necessary to solve real problems† (Boggs 158). So, the main point here is that prejudice, against all sexes, genders, and creeds, can be eliminated via education that encourages cooperation with the largest variety of people. In order to understand this concept, it is necessary to look at it from a few different perspectives to analyze its viability in modern society. First, it is necessary to examine the current paradigm within education in order to determine exactly what it is about the modern system that requires changing. One of the most immediate concerns comes as a result of the school facilities the. .r through the power of music, will not be forgotten. Racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice are simply not acceptable in modern society, and the sooner they can be eliminated altogether, the sooner the world can truly advance. Works Cited Boggs, Grace Lee, and Scott Kurashige. The next American revolution: Sustainable activism for the twenty-first century. University of California Pr, 2012. Print. Dyson, Michael Eric. Holler If You Hear Me 2006: Searching for Tupac Shakur. Basic Civitas Books, 2006. Print. Godin, Seth. Stop stealing dreams. 2012. Print. Hooks, Bell. Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. Vol. 4. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. Manifesto of the communist party. CH Kerr Company, 1906. Print. Tupac: Resurrection Dir. Lauren Lazin. Perf. Tupac Shakur. 2003. Film.

Sector Analysis Background DTL Power Corporation

Sector Analysis Background DTL Power Corporation Overview Structure The geothermal sector is growing tremendously in diverse countries across the world because it is a renewable form of energy. In the energy sector, renewable form of energy contributes about 17% of energy, while non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear contributes about 80% and 3% respectively.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sector Analysis Background: DTL Power Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As geothermal energy is one of the renewable forms of energy, it contributes barely 1% globally, but it has huge potential. For instance, geothermal energy contributes 30%, 24%, 24%, and 15% of electricity in Iceland, El Salvador, Kenya, Philippines, and Costa Rica respectively. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (2014), the western part of the US has great geothermal potential. It is estimated that the region can supply up to 20 percent of the energy requireme nt in the country. In the United States, the geothermal field in California has the largest geothermal plant in the world called The Geysers, which produces 3,386 megawatts. New Mexico relies heavily on electricity generated from fossil fuels, yet it has geothermal resources in the Jemez Mountains, which has the potential of generating huge amounts of electricity that can serve New Mexico and neighboring states. In this view, the structure of geothermal industry shows that it has immense potential of generating electricity, which requires exploitation. Major Players The major players in the geothermal sector are federal government and energy companies. The federal government regulates exploitation of geothermal resources by ensuring that it benefits all stakeholders and generates renewable form of energy for industrial development.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the Department of Energy, the federal government formulates policies and regulations, which guide exploitation of geothermal resources in various states. The federal government also uses Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in regulating interstate transmission of electricity in the United States and protects consumers using Federal Trade Commission. Through Environmental Protection Agency, federal government ensures that exploitation and use of geothermal resources do not pose any harm to the environment. Fundamentally, the federal government is an important player in the energy industry because it dictates exploitation of geothermal resources. Geothermal Energy Association is an integral player in the geothermal sector because it is a trade union of geothermal companies, which advocate for the exploitation of geothermal resources across the world. Moreover, the geothermal companies that belong to this trade union actively exploit geothermal resources in various par ts of the world. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (2015), Chadbourne and Park, Scientific Drilling International, Therma Source, Ethos Energy Group, and Industrial Builders are the companies that form the executive level, while Calpine Corporation, Gradient Resources, Enel Green Power North America, Bershire, Cyrq Energy, and Ormat Technologies are some of the companies that form the board level. The Calpine Corporation controls about 90 percent of the geothermal resources in the US. As these companies advocate for the exploitation of geothermal resources and represent geothermal companies, they deliberate on issues and make important decisions, which influence policies and regulations in the geothermal sector.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sector Analysis Background: DTL Power Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other major players in the United States are Energy Vision Internation al Florida, Kepler Energy, Asheville Geothermal, Evergreen Energy, Earth Source Energy Solutions, and Geopower Texas amongst others. Examination of the players in the geothermal sector indicates that it is a very competitive sector. A Brief historical Perspective Although geothermal resources have existed for thousands of centuries, the technology to exploit them as a renewable energy has been lacking. Archeological evidence indicates that ancient people used hot springs as a source of water for bathing, cleaning, and extracting minerals. In the United States, archeological evidence shows that Paleo-Indians used hot springs in washing, cleaning, extracting minerals, and warming themselves. In recent years, technological developments have allowed large corporations to produce energy from geothermal sources in a cost-effective manner. In the United States, the first geothermal plant called The Geysers was established in 1960 in the Californian geothermal field. According to the Geothe rmal Energy Association (2014), huge investments by the Calpine Corporation have seen the number of geothermal units grow to the current 18. Given that 80% of electricity emanates from fossil fuels, it contributes to global warming. The need to mitigate global warming has promoted exploitation of geothermal resources because they are renewable sources, which do contribute significantly to global warming. Globally, governments in conjunction with Geothermal Energy Association and other bodies are advocating for the exploitation geothermal resources. Currently, geothermal resources only produce 1% of electricity yet they have the potential of producing over 30% as in the case of the geothermal sector in Iceland.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nature of Competition The nature of competition that exists in the geothermal sector in New Mexico and the United States is highly competitive. Since geothermal companies operate in a free market economy, they operate in a highly competitive environment, which requires enormous resources, compliance with prevailing legislations, acquisition of experts, and application of novel technology. The costs involved in starting geothermal company are prohibitive in that mega companies can only afford (The Geothermal Energy Association, 2014). National and international companies compete for the scarce geothermal resources in various parts of the world, including New Mexico. The ability to exploit the available geothermal resources is mainly dependent on the capacity of a company to mobilize required startup capital. In this view, DTL Power Corporation should be ready to invest a competitive amount of capital in the establishment and development of geothermal plant in New Mexico. Additionally , geothermal sector is highly competitive because it has a number of legislations that geothermal companies must comply with before receiving permission to explore and exploit geothermal resources. The federal government requires geothermal companies to comply with regulations of the Department of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Federal Trade Union. Moreover, the trade union of geothermal companies, Geothermal Energy Association, has legislations that regulate their operations in the geothermal sector (Geothermal Energy Association, 2015). To survive in a highly competitive geothermal sector, DTL Power Corporation also needs to seek expertise and employ the latest technology, which matches or surpasses that of leading players such as Calpine Corporation. Recent News Story The recent news story shows that geothermal industry is growing gradually owing to the promotion of renewable sources of energy by various governments globally . Galbraith (2014) states that the electricity generated globally from geothermal resources increases by 5% annually, with the United States being the leading producer of electricity from geothermal energy. The use of oil and gas technology of drilling has enhanced exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources in different parts of the world, including the United States. Given that establishment of geothermal plants is expensive, it has prohibited many countries and companies from exploring and exploiting geothermal resources. Geothermal engineers explain that it takes about 50-60% of the project’s cost to drill wells and the probability of locating sustainable hot springs is 70-90% (Galbraith, 2014). The explanation implies that exploration of geothermal resources is very expensive, and thus, requires expertise to increase the probability of locating sustainable hot spring and reduce the expenses. Sector’s Societal Importance The geothermal sector has immense b enefits to the society because it generates a renewable form of energy, creates employment opportunities, reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, and generates revenue to governments. Since the current society relies on non-renewable form of energy obtained from fossil fuels, the geothermal sector is very important because it offers renewable source of energy that is sustainable. The renewability and sustainability of geothermal energy emanate from the fact that the geothermal heat is inexhaustible. Essentially, electricity generated from geothermal resources is very reliable because it is not subject to seasons and intermittent environmental conditions, unlike solar energy and wind energy. The geothermal sector is also beneficial to society because it creates immense opportunities for employment. Kunkel, Ghomshei, and Ellis (2012) state that geothermal plants create job opportunities for engineers, mechanics, geologists, architects, operators, hydrologists, technicians, researchers, government regulators, and lawyers amongst other related specialists. In this view, communities that live in areas where geothermal plants exist benefit from the available job opportunities. The release of harmful emissions such as greenhouse gases limits exploitation and use of fossil fuels. The exploitation of geothermal resources is advantageous because they emit minimal amount of greenhouse gases into the environment, and thus, does not contribute significantly to global warming. Fundamentally, the beneficial effect of geothermal resources to the society is that it reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, and thus, aid in alleviating the impact of global warming. Kunkel, Ghomshei, and Ellis (2012) argue that the technology of closed-loop circulation is important in geothermal sector because it prevents the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Overall, the society benefits owing to the reduced emission of greenhouse gases and poisonous gases, which are harmful to human ity and the environment. Geothermal sector also generates revenue for state and federal governments since they collect taxes and royalties from the geothermal companies. References Geothermal Energy Association. (2014). 2014 Annual US and Global Geothermal  Power Production Report. Web. Geothermal Energy Association. (2015). Major Companies. Web. Galbraith, K. (2014, July 23). Geothermal Industry Grows, With Help from Oil and Gas. Drilling. New York Times. Web. Kunkel, T., Ghomshei, M., Ellis, R. (2012). Geothermal energy as an indigenous  alternative energy source in British Columbia. Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 13(2), 1-16.

Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Strategies - Essay Example A leader should always be aware that their emotional instability shows in the group through frustration and low morale (Goleman, Boyatziz and McKee, 2013). According to Goleman, Boyatziz & McKee (2013) there are different types of leaders. Discordant leaders are those who are not in touch with their group emotions. The negative impact, a discordant leader, can have on the group, include internal anger and rage, frustration and lack of focus on tasks. Harmony and understanding are part of a strong working unit. According to Goleman, Boyatziz & McKee (2013) the brain is in charge of many functions within the body. One of them includes hormones that generate superior emotions or those that create awful emotions. A leaders frame of mind is related to how the brain operates. An emotionally able leader can be a powerful tool in stirring, awakening passion and enthusiasm in people. Leadership: Leading At the Edge The most important aspect of Shackletons’ leadership according to Stokes (2006) is primal leadership highlighted in Emotional Intelligence (EI). Primal leadership refers to the most crucial act of leadership which means acting as the group’s emotional leader while eliminating emotions that are negative and unhealthy for the group. According to Ainsberg (2010) to create movement and momentum Shackleton found that although you are not able to influence what happens to you, you can choose how you handle the situation. Instead of giving up and allowing self-pity to take over, Shackleton chose to motivate and inspire himself and his men in order to reach their goal. According to Ainsberg (2010) the main goal was to keep the emotions and spirits of the group up. Shackleton encouraged the crew to sing songs and play music that can act as a method of unifying and keeping attitudes positive. Through these actions, the group can connect and become closer to each

Computer technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer technology - Essay Example Computer systems consist of both software and hardware. The hardware components are tangible components of the system: main memory, CPU, peripherals such as monitor, video display etc (Gookin 2006). Software part is the set of instructions that define what the actions of the computer hardware (Alagar and Peryasammy 2011). Typically a computer requires both the system software Minimum user requirements Fred, Barry and Jane need a Single PC for their gaming needs. Frankly, there are no many options for a PC with the minimum requirements they desire that can go for the price in their budget estimate of 350. For a gaming PC no existing integrated graphics acceleration cards can handle the processing requirements of the game. In this case a graphics processor that is dedicated will still be required. OS: Windows Vista or Windows 7 Processor: Core 2 Duo 2.4 GHz or Althon X2 2.7 GHz RAM: 2GB Graphic card: DirectX 10 or 11 compatible Nvidia or AMD ATI card, ATI Radeon 3870 or higher, Nvidia GeForce 8800 GT or higher. Graphics card memory: 512 MB Sound card: DirectX compatible sound card Hard drive: 15 GB for disc version or 10 GB for digital version Fig. 1 Complete desktop computer The retailer has the option of making a choice between several brands, manufacturers of computers; Dell, Hewlett Packard and IBM. In my assessment I would recommend a machine that is high performing with the functionality that can well fit the gaming requirements. Since the budget constraints the selections, the best option is to go for the components that are most important in supporting gaming requirements. The computer features most essential for a gaming machine are; processor, graphics card, internal memory and hard disk capacity. Compromising on other desired features such as sound will not harm the game and the advantage will be the cost cuts. Justification Quad-Core Processor Though lesser processors such as dual-core are cheaper and within the budget, the ability of a quad core to s upport a larger number of tasks at the same time is a must for serious gaming. This is a good processor will help the computers to run effectively. The processor is the brain of the computer and controls most of the work done by the PC. For gaming requirements, multimedia multitasking, for example video recording while browsing will give a more pleasant experience. Processors are generally defined by their speed - in megahertz (MHz) or in gigahertz (GHz) - and it relates to the number of operations they can perform per second. The higher the value, the faster the PC will perform and the more expensive it generally is. I will recommend the Quad-Core AMD Opteronâ„ ¢ Processor with Direct Connect Architecture are designed to deliver industry leading power efficiency, optimal virtualization, outstanding performance, and low TCO - all within a consistent footprint and thermal envelopes. Fig. 2 Central processing unit AMD Phenomâ„ ¢ X4 Quad-Core Processors is a true quad-core perfor mance for the way gaming multi-task today, and for the next-generation applications that will be needed in the near future. Stable commercial AMD Phenomâ„ ¢ X4 quad-core processors offer industry-leading platform stability and longevity, investment protection, and the exceptional performance you expect from AMD. In addition, the processor comes with unique features for energy efficiency ‘AMD’ (2011). Random Access Memory (RAM) The computers will need about 4 gigabytes of memory so that they can run

Selzer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Selzer - Assignment Example Through the story, the lesson learnt is that the narrator and other doctors invented this parrot fever disease and advised the public of its negative influence on people. So it seems as if this doctor was also a journalist â€Å"the parrot fever made malady out to be virulent, mysterious and exotic despite the fact that, the diseases was not baffling: it had been identified in the nineteenth century† (Warren, 611 pp). For patients, it seems, parrot fever instills fear than any other thing in the world. Some people even get more worried than the parrot itself (Warren, 608 pp). Considering the history of the doctor and the patient, the doctor’s is more important in relation to that of the patient. It is the doctor that first discovers the about the parrot disease and then raises public awareness through the New York time magazine. It is a gesture to let people know facts about the fever and consequentially, treats the infected patients. In conclusion, therefore, this story of parrot fever disease as presented, it is prudent to note the educational importance to every reader and pet rears. This paper has the message to all those who keep parrots to be aware of its disease that can prove to be deadly to both the parrot and the entire family. Therefore, it is imperative to consult a pet doctor when buying a pet for a home, for any communicable disease. Where there is a pet already, it is healthy to visit a doctor for a

Why Is Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude Important Environmental Sciences Essay

Why Is Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude Important Environmental Sciences Essay Explain With Examples Why the Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) Is Of Such Key Importance for the Glacier-Climate Relationship. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on the limits of former glaciers use estimates of the associated equilibrium line altitudes (Benn and Gemmell 1997). The equilibrium line altitude is defined as the elevation at which mass balance is equal, where accumulation of snow is exactly balanced by ablation over a period of a year (Hoinkes, 1970) meaning that mass balance and the equilibrium line altitude for individual glaciers are usually strongly correlated (Braithwaite and Raper 2010). Therefore there is a very close connection between the Equilibrium Line Altitude and local climate, providing an important indicator of glacier response to climate change and hence allowing for reconstructions of former climates and the prediction of future glacier behaviour (Benn and Lehmkuhl, 2000). In order to truly understand the, often complicated, relationship between a glaciers equilibrium line altitude and the corresponding climate of the local area, definitions of mass balance, accumulation and ablation area and the equilibrium line altitude, must be initially discussed. The ablation area is the lower region of a glacier where snow loss (ablation) exceeds snowfall. The melting of the glacier and the calving of icebergs is the major form of ablation, expressed quantitatively as units of water equivalent, given in meters (Braithwaite 2002). The accumulation area is the upper region of a glacier where snow accumulation exceeds melting. A simplified description in the identification of a cirque depicts the area being an arm chair-shaped bowl (Flint 1971) with the headwall exceeding 35 degrees and the arcuate floor underachieving 20 degrees (Evans 1977). Accumulation occurs mostly through snowfall whether it is direct or blown from neighbouring plateaus and summits. The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is the boundary between the ablation area and the accumulation area, the elevation at which mass balance is equal, where accumulation of snow is exactly balanced by ablation over a period of a year (Hoinkes 1970). Glacier mass balance is the total difference between the gains and losses over a given period of time, for example a calculation of positive mass, explains that the glacier is gaining mass overall and a negative calculation when the glacier is being seen as losing mass (Benn and Evans 1997). On many glaciers, the amount of annual ablation and accumulation varies systematically with altitude, although this simple pattern is often complicated by local influences. Glacier mass balance reflects the climate of the region in which the glacier is situated together with site specific glacier morphology and local topographic setting. The idea of mass balance is therefore an important link between climatic inputs and glacier behaviour allowing the advance and retreat of many glaciers to be understood in terms of region or global climatic change. Because the equilibrium line is the place where annual accumulation totals exactly balance ablation totals, the ELA is closely connected with local climate, particularly precipitation and air temperatures, being highly sensitive to perturbations in either of these 2 variables, with rises in response to decreasing snowfall and/or increasing frequency of positive air temperatures and vice versa (Benn and Evans 1997). Perhaps the best illustration of glacier-climate interaction is the relationship between the net balance and the ELA. When the annual mass balance of the glacier as a whole is negative the ELA rises, and when the balance is positive, the ELA falls. Variations in the altitude of the equilibrium line on a particular glacier, therefore, can be used as an indicator of climatic fluctuations (Kuhn, 1981). It is useful to specify the climate at the ELA as some unique combination of precipitation and temperature. (Benn and Evans) If a climate change occurs that increases the mass balance the glacier will advance, in an attempt to reach a new equilibrium position. The surplus of accumulation that exists must be balanced by an increase in ablation, which is accomplished by expanding the low-elevation terminus zone of the ablation area. If a climate change occurs that overall reduces the mass balance, the glacier will retreat in an attempt to achieve equilibrium. The retreat will reduce the area of the glacier in the lowest elevation terminus area where ablation is highest. If by retreat mass balance equilibrium is reached the glacier will cease retreating. However, the definition of the ELA initially does not imply that the glacier is in equilibrium and therefore the glacier may be gaining or losing mass on an annual basis. The ELA value associated with zero annual mass balance for the whole glacier is known as the steady-state ELA. When the annual ELA coincides with the steady-state ELA, ice mass and geometry are in equilibrium with climate, and the glacier will neither grow nor shrink. (Benn and Lehmkuhl 2000) However, majority of individual glacier ELAs deviate significantly from local climate ideals due, for example, to patterns of shading and snow redistribution by wind and avalanching. The main variables affecting mass balance at the ELA are winter precipitation (accumulation) and summer temperatures (ablation). A strong relationship exists between summer temperature and precipitation at the ELA of modern glaciers and this has been shown empirically by Ohmura et al. (1992) for 70 glaciers worldwide. Ohmura et al. found that winter accumulation plus summer precipitation (= annual precipitation) had a close relationship with summer temperature (Jun/July/Aug) However, Hughes and Braithwaite (2008) showed that the relationship between accumulation and summer temperature at the glacier ELA was more complicated with annual temperature range playing an important role. They continued to show that because of the role of annual temperature range, there must be a relationship between annual mean temperature and accumulation on a glacier Within the following pages the focus develops upon tropical glaciers in the Andes range, due to their particular degree of variance along latitude in relation to the zero degree isotherm. The difference between the ELA and 0 °C isotherm is a good indicator of the sensitivity of tropical glaciers to climatic global warming. It rises significantly from below zero meters in the inner tropics to several hundred metres in the outer tropics. From below zero degrees: the 0 °C isotherm is above the ELA (Kaser and George 1997). Thus, glaciers in the outer tropics may be more easily affected by changes in precipitation as it governs the albedo and radiation balance. The outer tropics and inner tropics vary significantly regarding this, illustrating the extent of variability of glacier-climate relationships. Within the Peruvian Andes, mass accumulation takes place only during the wet season and predominately in the upper parts of the glaciers, whereas ablation occurs throughout the whole ye ar. Thus, the vertical budget gradient is much stronger on tropical tongues than on those in mid latitudes (Lliboutry, morales and Schneider, 1997). Consequently under equilibrium conditions, tropical ablation areas are markedly smaller and the accumulation area ratio (AAR) has to be considered larger than in mid latitudes (Kaser and George 1997). (Benn et al 2005) Glaciers of the tropics and subtropics inhabit high altitudes and differ in important ways from mid-and high-latitude glaciers in lower topographic settings. Consequently the methods used to reconstruct and interpret former glacier equilibrium line altitudes in low altitude regions need to be tailored to local conditions, as methods and protocols developed for other settings may not be appropriate. Annual variations in mean daily temperatures are smaller than diurnal temperatures ranges. This constancy in the mean daily temperatures in the topics means that the 0 degree Celsius atmospheric isotherm maintains a fairly constant altitude and ablation occurs on the lower parts of glaciers all year. Vertical mass balance profiles are also influenced by climatic setting. In the humid tropics ablation gradients tend to be steeper than in drier environments, due to altitudinal variations in the amount of snow, sleet and rain falling on the ablation zone during the wet months. Thus the mass balance profiles of tropical glaciers tend to exhibit a sharper inflection at the equilibrium line than those of mid latitudes glaciers. The accurate reconstruction of past ELAs requires that the extent and morphology of the former glaciers can be accurately determined. Furthermore the age of the reconstructed glacier needs to be determined to enable researchers to use the ELAs as proxies for past climatic conditions (Benn 2005). The simplest assumption is that all ELA can be attributed to changes in temperature, which can be estimated by using an assumed average environmental lapse rate in the atmosphere. However, if there were associated changes in precipitation, the estimated temperature change would be different. The point applies even in humid tropics. For example, Kaser and Osmaston 2002 found that 20th century changes in the ELAs of glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca cannot be determined by temperature changes alone, but were also influenced by changes in humidity. However, the difficulty of separating out the temperature and precipitation signals need not negate the usefulness of ELA in providing palaeoclimatic information. Glaciers of the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca region represent more than 25% of all tropical glaciers with the 260 glaciers stretching for 130km, reaching 6000m level at several summits. The climate is characterised by small seasonal but large daily temperature variations and the alteration of a pronounced dry season and wet season bringing 70-80% of the annual precipitation. ELA recordings were taken for the 1930s and 1950s on the massif of Santa Cruz, Alpamayo, Pucahirca, in the northern part of the cordillera Blanca by Kaser and George in 1997. The Accumulation Area method was utilised to determine the mean ELA, results highlighting a general reduction of precipitation amounts, mainly during the wet season and therefore a reduction in accumulation. A vertical shift of 35 to 58 meters was also observed a significant rise showing glacier shrinkage and tongue retreat. It is suggested that a reduction in air humidity and its effect on the above mentioned atmospheric circulation system i s the main reason for this determined retreat of the glaciers between 1930 and 1950 as it influences the mass balance in various respects. Furthermore, the rise of the ELA shows different values across the Santa Cruz Pucahirca massif. Concluding, Kaser and George (1997) notify the reader that a combination of spatially uniform rising in air temperature and a decrease in air humidity with spatially different effects has to be taken into account as a cause for the glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950. A second case study, located between 8.5 and 9 °N, the Cordillera de Merida within the Venezuelan Andes, a region within the tropics, which possesses evidence suggesting glacial ice coverage was abundant in the past. Three geographic sub-regions were studied by Schubert (1984) with the view to reconstruct 9 palaeoglaciers. Two methods to determine ELA were used to develop paleoclimatic assumptions: Accumulation Area Ratio method and the Accumulation Area Balance Ratio. The above methods enabled the approximation of ELA during the LGM (last glacial maximum). Results acquired from the study were that the ELA of the individual glaciers lowered in response to decreased air temperatures and increased snow during the LGM. The in depth Investigation revealed the ELA of the 9 observed glaciers would have experienced a lowering of roughly 850-1420m throughout the LGM, coinciding with decreased air temperatures. The palaeoglacier reconstruction demonstrated the spatial extent to which the eq uilibrium line altitude is susceptible to change in response to climatic changes within the Cordillera de Merida. Conclusions implied a support towards a later proposition that a glaciers ELA is closely connected with the surrounding local climate (Benn and Lehmkuhl 2000). The following final case study locates within the Cordillera Real and Cordillera de Quimsa Cruz, in the Bolivian Andes, due to the low latitude, glaciation within the area is reduced and glaciers are small (80% cover less than 0.5  km ²). Within the study Rabatel et al (2008) 15 proglacial margins were investigated, leading to a further reduction of 10 principle moraines being identified that mark the successive positions of glaciers over the last four centuries. The ELA was determined on each glacier using the Accumulation Area Ratio method. The reconstruction of the glacier ELA and observations of any changes in mass balance, Rabatel et al (2998) expressed that glacier maximum may be due to a 20 to 30% increase in precipitation and a 1.1 to 1.2 degrees Celsius decrease in temperature compared with present conditions. Increasing accumulation of snow above the ELA suggests snowfalls have a strong influence on the net radiative balance in the ablation zone via the albedo. The rese archers continue to explain that within the early 18th century, glaciers began to retreat at varying rates until the late 19th to early 20th century; this trend was generally associated with decreasing accumulation rates. By contrast, glacier recession in the 20th century was mainly the consequence of an increase in temperature and humidity. Although the ELA of a glacier, past or present can be a first-rate proxy for the glacier-climate relationship, the methodology chosen can greatly effect the interpretation of the results. Different reconstruction methods of changes in ELA may produce a range of results for the same glacier and therefore inconsistent and unreliable conclusions will be inferred. Ramage et al (2005) compared ELA reconstruction methods within the Junà ­n Plain in the central Peruvian Andes. Descriptions of each method were given and limitations were highlighted. The Toe-to-Headwall Altitude Ration method, a commonly used method due to its relative ease of determining ELAs using map data, expressed that low errors were still evident. The Accumulation Area Ratio method: based on the empirically derived ratio of accumulation area to total area of glacier, however, AARs are likely to be highly variable between glaciers even within small regions, depending on the extent and distribution of debris cover in th e ablation area, and the relative importance of direct snowfall and avalanching as mechanisms of accumulation (Benn and Lehmkuhl 2000) A more accurate method of palaeo ELA calculation is the Furbish and Andrews (1984) Accumulation Area Balance Ratio a method developed due to the inconsistencies within the AAR not accounting for altitudinal distribution of a glaciers surface area. Therefore, this method can be used to derive ELA under assumed steady-state conditions and uses an idealised linear mass balance curve to calculate ELA. Ramage et al (2005) concluded that the methods did not greatly differ for this region and morphology, yet each method possessed different correlation values. The relationships between climate, glaciers and topography are, however, not those of simple cause and effect but are characterized by interdependence. They are also scale and time-dependent in that as a glacier grows it increasingly modifies its climate and the topography (Sutherland 1984). In addition Hodge et al (1998) suggests that although the ELA is a phenomenal proxy for determining glacier climate relationships, it can unfortunately be influenced by other non-climatic factors; for example avalanche, topographic variances and debris fall (Hodge et al 1998). Avalanche can equal increased accumulation, thus a positive mass balance equating to an ELA fall. This can occur regardless of climatic influence; therefore the resulting ELA may not give a 100% accurate representation of the glacier-climate relationship. Smith et al (2005) argues further, that reconstructed tropical LGM ELA lowering may be due to local enhancing factors not solely climate. Additionally, glacier melting, co upled with avalanches, climate and local geographic topography may distort the observed ELA with reference to climatic impact therefore not 100% accurate for indicating glacier-climate relationship. In addition to the ELA other variables have been measured that allow inferences to be made about the relationship between glaciers and the associated past climate. Radiation is a major component in the ablation of ice from glaciers and the effectiveness of radiation on a glacier is a function of the aspect, slope and nature of the snow or ice cover of the glacier surface as well as latitude, date and time of day (Sutherland 1984). Various energy-balance models (Williams, 1975; 1979; Kuhn, 1981) have been devised to model these factors and explain the distribution of present-day and former glaciers as well as investigate general glacier/climate relationships. In the South East Grampians, Sissons and Sutherland (1976) established that the deviation of one unit of the isolation factor from the local value for a horizontal glacier was equivalent to raising or lowering the ELA by 25 m, thus providing a physical link between the two variables. Studies of modern glaciers, particularly of the relationships between their mass balance and the local climate, have provided a sound physical basis on which past climates can be inferred from former glaciers. Studies of the mass balance of modern glaciers have indicated that the equilibrium line altitude is the most critical parameter in the link between glaciers and climate (Sutherland 1984). In relation to tropical glacier regions, sharp changes in the area of the 0 °C isotherm level, highlights the sensitivity of the ELA to climatic changes, posing the notion that to truly understand the complex association between the ELA and the glacier-climate relationship, knowledge on its relative position to the 0 °c level is required. Furthermore, it is safe to assume that the ELA to some extent is a good indicator of climatic change especially in relation to tropical glaciers which have a greater degree of sensitivity to climate. However, it must be noted that there are non-climatic i nfluences upon the calculated ELA for any glacier, past or present and therefore the glacier-climate relationship is a far more complex issue to observe and understand.

The Ethics of Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Ethical Questions of Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   A couple that had been married for only two years was in a terrible car accident.  Ã‚   The wife walked away with a few cuts and bruises.   The husband, however was unconscious when the paramedics arrived.   He went into a coma shortly after arriving at the nearby hospital. He came out of the coma but was never to be the same again.   It turns out that when he was in the accident he had severe head trauma, and would be a vegetable the rest of his life.   He could not take part in the reproduction of children.   The wife is now distraught because they will never have children together.   She heard about the possibility of cloning and believes that it is the only way that she will ever have children.   Is it so?    Introduction The ethics of human cloning has become a great issue in the past few years.   The advocates for both sides of the issue have many reasons to clone or not to clone.   This is an attempt to explore the pros and cons of human cloning and to provide enough information of both sides of the arguments in order for the reader to make their own informed decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not.   Cloning will first be defined.   Then a brief explanation of why questions concerning cloning humans have arisen will be presented.   Some things cannot be known for sure unless it is tested, i.e., human cloning is allowed. Followed by that, a discussion of the facts and opinions that support cloning will be presented and then the same against cloning.   Please remember that not all of this has proven true nor is able to be proven yet, but has simply been argued as a scientific hypothesis.   Finally, my own personal opinion will be stated.       Defining Human Cloning When speaking of human cloning, what is meant?   Different groups and organizations define it differently.   To use a specific definition, the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as "the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer.   'Somatic cell nuclear transfer' refers to the process which the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing organism is transferred into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed" (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs 1).   In other words, cloning is the method of produce a baby that has the same genes as its parent. The Ethics of Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics The Ethical Questions of Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   A couple that had been married for only two years was in a terrible car accident.  Ã‚   The wife walked away with a few cuts and bruises.   The husband, however was unconscious when the paramedics arrived.   He went into a coma shortly after arriving at the nearby hospital. He came out of the coma but was never to be the same again.   It turns out that when he was in the accident he had severe head trauma, and would be a vegetable the rest of his life.   He could not take part in the reproduction of children.   The wife is now distraught because they will never have children together.   She heard about the possibility of cloning and believes that it is the only way that she will ever have children.   Is it so?    Introduction The ethics of human cloning has become a great issue in the past few years.   The advocates for both sides of the issue have many reasons to clone or not to clone.   This is an attempt to explore the pros and cons of human cloning and to provide enough information of both sides of the arguments in order for the reader to make their own informed decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not.   Cloning will first be defined.   Then a brief explanation of why questions concerning cloning humans have arisen will be presented.   Some things cannot be known for sure unless it is tested, i.e., human cloning is allowed. Followed by that, a discussion of the facts and opinions that support cloning will be presented and then the same against cloning.   Please remember that not all of this has proven true nor is able to be proven yet, but has simply been argued as a scientific hypothesis.   Finally, my own personal opinion will be stated.       Defining Human Cloning When speaking of human cloning, what is meant?   Different groups and organizations define it differently.   To use a specific definition, the American Medical Association (AMA) defined cloning as "the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer.   'Somatic cell nuclear transfer' refers to the process which the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing organism is transferred into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed" (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs 1).   In other words, cloning is the method of produce a baby that has the same genes as its parent.

Cyberbullying Essay

Many teens across the world are facing issues with cyber bullying. Not only are the teens being affected but their families too. People wonder what to do with this situation. With technology increasing, it’s making kids easier to bully one another online and through many different forms of technology. As cyber bullying has become the number one type of bullying, many lives are being affected. Cyber bullying is the use of the internet, cell phones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information about another person (cyberbullying 1). It can also take many forms including, repeatedly sending emails to people who have said they don’t want contact with the sender. It includes sending threats, making sexual remarks, using offensive language or labels, or posting humiliating photos or videos, as well as spreading rumors or lies about the victim (cyberbullying 1). Numerous reports of cyber bullying have states questioning whether they s hould take action or not. In today’s society it is extremely easy to abuse the use of technology. Many teens and young adults express anger and other emotions toward one another through some type of media. As the number of cases rise, schools and states are passing more and more laws to protect the children and citizens of their community. Some people are arguing that we don’t need cyber bullying laws, that we already have laws against bullying and that should be enough. â€Å"Laws may be imperfect and enforcement may be difficult and spotty, but that’s better than nothing. I’d rather have anti-bullying laws that protect kids 90% of the time and have difficulties 10% of the time, than have no laws to stop cyber bullying and leave kids vulnerable 100% of the time† (Leichtling, 2013, pg. 2). One reason that people don’t think its necessary to create a law–for cyber bullying–is because speech is constitutionally protected (Murphy 1). We, as citizens of the United States of America, have the right to freedom of speech. But with the right to freedom of speech comes a price. A price we all have to live with, and that’s the price of someone’s life. No matter what, there will always be that one person who has to be better than someone else. There comes a point in life where we have to realize that sometimes the laws need to be broken. In this case, it’s for the better. No one’s life is worth the protection of speech. If we keep on letting cyber bullying go because of the person’s â€Å"rights† then we need a major wake up call. No matter what we do we won’t be able to stop it, but if we stand up and take  action then we can lessen the amount of cyber bullying that happens. Only 18 states have a cyber-bullying law that protects kids from electronic abuse, while 47 states have laws against physical bullying (State Cyberbullying Laws). As schools realize the effect of cyber bullying, they have stepped up and are ready to fight. Schools are passing laws in and out of school. The schools are stepping in and monitoring the students’ social accounts. If a student bullies someone during school break (like spring break, summer break, etc.) the school can intervene and suspend or even expel the student. In a survey taken in 2005 16.2% have been reported that they’ve been a victim outside of school (Uhls 2). Another way to protect students from bullying is Title IX. Many people don’t think too much about Title IX because they think it’s just to equalize the students. Title IX is to help prevent gender discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual violence (Murphy 2). â€Å"Schools rarely acknowledge sexual harassment when they see it, and even when they do, they avoid getting involved when some of the conduct occurs off-campus. They tell parents they only have jurisdiction over harassment that occurs â€Å"on campus† or in connection with a school-sponsored activity.† (Murphy 2). Not anymore though, many schools are stepping up and taking action even when school isn’t in session. Schools need to take Title IX more seriously and use it to help the families that are facing issues with cyber bullying. Title IX can do many things to help prevent students from being bullied or sexual harassed by other students. Most families don’t know about it, so they don’t think to bring it up in court. If schools and courts advertised Title IX more often than the number of suicides–due to cyber bullying–would drop d ramatically. People need to know that there is a way to get help and that they are not alone. In a recent study of 2,000 random middle-schoolers, 20% of them were seriously thinking about attempting suicide, while 19% reported attempting suicide. That means 39% of the 2,000 kids wanted to end their life (Hinduja 1, 2). The most commonly-reported form of cyber bullying was: â€Å"posted something online about another person to make others laugh† while the most frequent form of victimization was: â€Å"received an upsetting email form someone you know† (Hinduja 2). Cyber bullying takes a toll on everyone’s life. For some teens it can make them depressed and hate themselves. For others it can cause them to turn to drugs or alcohol. Teens are easily influenced by media and what  their peers say. So when cyber bullying occurs, it’s easy for the teen to believe it and think negative things. We need to stand up and take action. Have more campaigns about positive things and not so many negative things. Teens need to feel safe at school, but sadly that’s one of the last places teens feel safe. Teens that are cyber bullied usually have no where to turn to. The small but significant variation found in suicidal thoughts and actions based on bullying and cyber bullying suggests that all forms of adolescent peer aggression must be taken seriously–both at school and at home (Hinduja 2) There are many different ways we can help protect students from being bullied. Schools have hotlines that students can call anonymously if they want to report bullying. A major reason why kids don’t report cyber bullying is because they are scared of getting bullied themselves. Schools need to pass stricter laws and parents need to start monitoring their children’s social activity, even if they are the ones being bullied. In cases of cyber bullying you can never be to protective. So many kids have died because they have felt useless and worthless due to cyber bullying. How would you like it if you were being told daily that you meant nothing to world, and that it would be better off with out you. Eventually it would get to your head and effect you. Even some of the strongest people are bullied and it kills them–in and out. Girls however though, are more likely to be bullied than boys, just like girls are more likely to bully than guys are (Cyberbullying 1). If given the chance, people will be mean, nasty and vicious to others, especially if they can act anonymously or the target can’t fight back effectively (Leichtling 2). No matter there will always be mean people in this world. Nothing will change that, it’s just part of life. But it doesn’t justify for all the lives that it has cost. Things need to change. Schools and states need to pass stricter and more serious laws that help protect kids and young adults from cyber bullying. As technology increases, bullying becomes easier and kids are getting away with it. It’s time to take a stand and fight for the kids who couldn’t fight back.

Classical vs Romantic Essay

The classical period in music spans from 1750 to 1820, a period of musical change after the Baroque and Rococo periods and its eventual transition to the Romantic period. This era in music produced most of the well known composers, prominent of which were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Joseph Haydn, among others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The shift from the Baroque and Rococo musical styles also coincided with the formation of classicism, an artistic movement that also involved painting, literature, and architecture. The Baroque era of music mainly utilized polyphonic harmony in composition – a style which involves two main themes or melodies, which creates an elaborate hearing experience because of many different instruments playing unique themes. An example of which is Johann Sebastian Bach’s The Well-Tempered Clavier which is a collection of piano pieces specifically arranged for the piano, utilizing every major and minor chords. The contrapuntal polyphony of these pieces have two different melodies for the left and right hands, creating harmony at the same time. On one hand, the classical movement utilizes a homophonic – a style that is above chord accompaniment and emphasizes on melody, tone, form, and balance. Melodies are more refined, elegant, and expressive, utilizing dynamics (pianissimo, mezzo forte, etc.) along with a balanced formal structure. The classical period also developed the sonata, symphony, concertos, serenades, among other instrumental music during that time. The Romantic period on the other hand, is a movement that expands the form of classical composition that enhances expressiveness and appeals to the emotive aspect of the listener. Although identified as a Romantic period, the era does not emphasize on romantic love per se, but it is used as a prevalent theme in composition. There is little difference between the classical and romantic periods because both utilize the same structure in composition, but only vary with the use of themes. In terms of expression, the romantic period is much more expressive compared to classical pieces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert, prominent classical masters, produced music for both eras, with their works employing a smooth transition of change regarding themes and melodies into the Romantic period. Schubert’s violin compositions are generally associated with the Romantic era while Beethoven mastered the use of chromatic and homophonic harmonies to stress fiery and elegant themes in most of his works.

The eNotes Blog Amazon Gets All Publish-y andStuff

Amazon Gets All Publish-y andStuff In its continual attempts to become the  Wal-Mart of the literary world (theres an oxymoron if I ever heard one), Amazon, the strapping, young Fabio,  has gone on a Quest for Fair Maidens: the trembling, nubile, romance writer. This week, Amazon announced that it will be launching its own line of romance novels, called Montlake Publishing. Sounds vaguely knight-y and seductive, no?  Ã‚  The books will be available in all forms of media: on Amazons Kindle, traditional print, and audio. The line is scheduled to debut in the Fall. Why would Amazon want to bother with getting into the direct publishing end of the business? Well, for several reasons. First, they are in a great position to sell to their customers. They can advertise on the site, of course, but they also have access to their customers buying habits and can recommend selections to them. Why a romance line? That was probably a no-brainer.  Romance novels are voraciously consumed by readers. Romance Writers of America reports that sales for 2009 topped 1.37 billion dollars. In addition to romance novels, Montlake will also eventually offer science fiction, thrillers,   and mysteries. While the initial titles will likely be from relatively unknown authors, it seems plausible that bigger names will want to get in on Amazons mass audience.

TLMT313 Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TLMT313 1 - Assignment Example Thurston Howell, was the in charge of the X-ray supply. Moreover, in relation to the case scenario, it has also been reflected that after the death of Mr. Howell, Mr. Rubble is having the option to opt for new supply as per his convenience and overall profitability of the healthcare. Mr. Rubble has noticed that Kodak is charging higher prices as compared to other suppliers. The key problem is that. Rubble is accountable for the authority for the selection of the suppliers. The alternative measures that Mr. Rubble can take in this underlining situation is that he needs to clearly define the problem that the pacific healthcare is encountering or may encounter in the future state of action. Moreover, being left as the sole authority of overall supply requirements of the healthcare, he could now freely sign the agreement with other suppliers of the X-ray sheets with regards to considering the current contractual agreement with Kodak company on the basis of his own individual decision mak ing aspect. Apart from that he and other higher authorities needs to determine and evaluate the products and services of Kodak in regards to quality, services, price, maintenance and other necessary equipments. The proper evaluation of the quality supplied in the previous years and current scenario must be evaluated with the proper measures. With regards to this alternative, the healthcare can significantly ask other suppliers to provide the sample, which the healthcare can evaluate with its requirement so that the best alternative gets selected out of the available alternatives. Furthermore, it is important to consider the most likely impacts of the existing alternative approach over the long term prospective impact. Nevertheless, the healthcare to stay with the supply of Kodak is also available to them. In the healthcare industry in order to effectively manage and improve the patient health conditions, it is quite important and critical to evaluate their

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Hinduism - Essay Example This process will continue until a person gets salvation. The activities of a person in his present life and in his previous birth are labelled as Karma. A person’s life after death is decided based on his activities (karma) in the present and past life. It is not necessary that a person take rebirth in the form of human itself. Based on karma, his rebirth could be as an animal, insect or bird. Avatar in Hindu mythology represents descent of God in human or animal forms. Hindus believe in multi God theory (Trimurti). In other words, they believe in three Gods, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiv. Brahma is responsible for creation, Vishnu is responsible for maintaining creation and Shiv is responsible for destruction. Hindus believe that these Gods take different avatar time to time to execute certain jobs. For example, Vishnu is the Krishna Avatar. The major function of avatars is to work as a mediator in between God and humans. It is not necessary that avatars should be God always. In fact the duty of avatars is to pass the message from the God to the humans. Hinduism is a religion which always believes in peace and harmony. They always respect other religions and that is why India is still a secular country even though majority of Indians are Hindus. Hindus believe in the doctrine of ahimsa or nonviolence. Even the killing of animals for food is considered as a sin by Hindu religion. Majority of the Hindus are vegetarians. Even though some of the doctrines of Hindu religion seem to be superstitious, the core of Hinduism is to spread love all over the world. Kali is the ferocious form of mother goddess. â€Å"Mother Kali is the consort of Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is the silent aspect of the Transcendental Reality, and Mother Kali is the dynamic aspect of the Transcendental Reality. Truth is complete when it is both dynamic and silent† (The Relationship Between Mother Kali and Lord Shiva, N.d.) â€Å"Puja is the ceremonial act of showing reverence to a God or